TRANSLATION OF NEGATIONS IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA AND IT’S PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v13i02.1971Keywords:
Translations, Negations, Translation Appropriateness, Negation Translation strategies.Abstract
This study is aimed at (1) identifying the kinds of Indonesian negation found in Bumi Manusia which are translated into English; (2) analyzing the various strategies used by the translator to translate negations in the novel Bumi Manusia into English; and (3) evaluating the appropriateness of the translation of negation from Indonesia into English and describing its pedagogical implications. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative research design.  The data of the research are negations found in three chapters (chapter 1, 3, and 5) of the novel Bumi Manusia and in their translation This Earth of Mankind. The result shows that of the 69 pages of the novel BumiManusia, 329 negation in simple sentences are identified. They are divided into three types: standard negation, negation and adverb, and negation and quantity. In translating the Indonesian negation in the novel BumiManusia, this study finds that strategies which have been applied are adopted from the seven strategies proposed by Newmark. Of  329 negation, 205 or 62.3% dominantly applied the strategy of reproducing or adopting the same image of negation in the TL text. In relation to the evaluation of the translation appropriateness, the result shows that from 329 negation 308 or 93.6% are translated appropriately. Meanwhile, 19 translation of negation or 5.8% are categorized as less appropriate translation, and 1 translation of negation or 0.3% is rendered inappropriatelyReferences
Ary, Donald, Jacobs, Lucy, & Razavieh, Asghar. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Brisling, Richard W. 1976.Translation Application and Method. New York: Garender Press.
Carford, J.C. 1974. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Depdikbud.1982. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. : Balai Pustaka.
Fawcett, Peter. 1997. Translation and Language: Linguistic Theories Explained. United Kingdom: St. Jerome Publishing.
Grundy, Peter. 2000. Doing Pragmatics. London: Arnold.
Haegeman, Lilianne. 2005. The Syntax of Negation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Horn, L.R. 1978. Some aspects of negation, in Greenberg etc. (Eds). Universal of Human Languages, vol. 4, syntax. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Kirk, Peter. 2002. Holly Communicative? Current Approaches to Bible Translation Worldwide (http://web.onetel.net.uk/~peterkirk/Bible%20Translation%20Holy%20Communicative.doc.accessed on January 4th, 2007)
Larson, Mildred L. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross Language Equivalence. USA: United State Press of America.
Leezenberg, Michiel. 2001. Contexts of Metaphor. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Levinson, S. C. 1983. Pragmatics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Liukkonen Petri. 2008. Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925-2006). Amazon.com (online). (http://Kirjasto.Sci.fi/Pram.htm) retrieved on 22 January 2010.
Martinich. 2001. The Philosophy of Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
Miles Matthew and Hubberman A. Michael. 1984. Qualitative Data Analysis. California: SAGE Publications.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. Approaches to Translation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd.
Nida, Eugene, A., and Taber, Charles R. 1969.The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Raford, Andrew. 2003. Syntactic Theory and the Structure of English. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Sadtono, E. 1985. Pedoman Penerjemahan. Jakarta: Depdikbud, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.
Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. 1995 (2nd Edition). Relevance: Bahasan Teori & Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Sudaryono. 1993. Negasi dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.
Suryawinata and Hariyanto. 2003. Translation: Bahasan Teori & Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
The University of Sydney. 2007. Max Lane Indonesia Southeast Asia and International Affairs, (http://www.asia-pacific-action.org/glw/glw2006.htmacessed on June , 16 2007)
Toer, Pramoedya, Ananta. 2006. Bumi Manusia. Jakarta Timur: Lentera Dipantara.
Toyyibah. 2005. Syntactic Analysis of Arabic and English Negation in the Holy Qur’an and its Translation in English. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Graduate Program of Malang State University.
Trochim, William M. K. 2006. Qualitative Validity. (www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualval.htm accessed on November 3rd, 2005).
Tursini, Umi. 2007. The Translation of Figures of Speech in the Novel “Bumi Manusia†from Indonesian into English. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Graduate Program in English Language Education.
Ur, Penny. 1996. A Course in Language Teaching. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.
Wiersma, William. 1991. Research Methods in Education. USA: Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
PROPOSED CREATIVE COMMONS COPYRIGHT NOTICES
1. PROPOSED POLICY FOR JOURNALS THAT OFFER OPEN ACCESS
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2. PROPOSED POLICY FOR JOURNALS THAT OFFER DELAYED OPEN ACCESS
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).