IDEOLOGI ORANG BIASA: NILAI-NILAI KULTURAL MASYARAKAT PANTURA JAWA BARAT DALAM SENI DAN LAGU TARLING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v16i2.5762Keywords:
Tarling, Pantura Jawa Barat, Ideologi, Identitas, Sosiologi Sastra, Struktur Homologis.Abstract
Penelitian ini tentang tradisi dan narasi Seni Tarling yang berkembang di wilayah pesisir pantai utara (pantura) Jawa Barat, khususnya daerah Subang, Indramayu, dan Cirebon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejarah Tarling dari awal sampai perkembangannya hari ini, bagaimana pertunjukan Tarling, narasi-narasi lagu Tarling dalam kaitannya dengan konteks sosiologis-antropologis masyarakat Pantura, serta nilai-nilai kultural yang diusung dalam Seni Tarling secara keseluruhan. Pada gilirannya, aspek yang disebut terakhir, yaitu nilai-nilai kultural, akan dikaitkan secara interdisiplin dengan menggunakan teori ilmiah Sosiologi Sastra untuk menemukan ideologi dan identitas masyarakat Pantura. Pengaitan ini adalah satu keniscayaan karena struktur-struktur yang dibangun dalam seni/kesenian—dalam hal ini Seni Tarling—berikut struktur kebahasaan-kesastraan (tuturan, nada, metafora, dan simbol) yang tercermin dalam narasi lagunya memiliki unsur homologis (kesamaan struktur) dengan struktur masyarakat yang membangunnya. Dalam konteks sosiologi seni/sastra, bangunan (struktur) karya seni adalah ‘fakta kemanusiaan’ sebagi wujud artefak budaya yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas manusia, baik dalam hubungannya dengan dirinya sendiri maupun dengan orang lain. Sedangkan masyarakat yang membangun karya seni itu adalah ‘subyek kolektif’, yaitu realitas trans-individual yang menjadi latar belakang hadirnya fakta kemanusiaan tersebut, karena fakta-fakta seperti itu juga tidak akan pernah merupakan hasil aktivitas subyek individual, melainkan subyek kolektif sebagai realitas hubungan antar manusia dalam segala aspek kehidupannya. Melalui proses teorisasi struktur di atas, sosiologi sastra kemudian menghadirkan sebuah pengkajian “homologis.
Kata Kunci: Tarling, Pantura, identitas, sosiologi sastra, struktur homologis
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