Religius Turn dalam Pembangunan Internasional dan Tata Kelola Global (Critical Review atas karya Gerard Clarke dalam Perspektif Teoretis Kontemporer)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v6i3.55450Kata Kunci:
global governance, international development, Post-Secularism, religious turnAbstrak
Sejak pasca Perang Dunia II, pembangunan internasional didominasi paradigma modernisasi berbasis rasionalitas sekuler yang menempatkannya sebagai proyek teknokratis dan berorientasi pertumbuhan, sehingga mengabaikan dimensi religius. Namun, dinamika global menunjukkan revitalisasi agama di ruang publik (deprivatization of religion) yang memicu post-secular turn dan menuntut integrasi nilai religius dalam pembangunan. Agama dalam konteks Global South, telah terbukti menjadi kerangka penting dalam memahami kemiskinan dan praktik sosial, sekaligus sumber legitimasi dan modal moral.
Artikel ini mengkaji secara kritis karya Religion and International Development oleh Gerard Clarke dengan menggunakan pendekatan critical literature review yang memadukan teori sekularisasi, post-sekularisme, dan capability approach. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa integrasi agama merekonfigurasi pemahaman tentang aktor pembangunan dan tata kelola global melalui peran strategis organisasi berbasis agama. Namun, keterlibatan ini juga mengandung risiko eksklusi dan politisasi identitas.
Artikel ini berargumen bahwa religious turn mencerminkan pergeseran epistemologis menuju paradigma pembangunan post-sekuler, di mana agama dipahami sebagai bagian dari negosiasi normatif dalam global governance. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan interdisipliner yang inklusif dan kontekstual untuk mengelola relasi antara agama, negara, dan pasar dalam pembangunan global kontemporer.
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