Religious Fundamentalism and State Politics in the Modern Era: A Critical Analysis of Jeffrey Haynes’s Thought
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v6i4.56122Kata Kunci:
fundamentalism, politics, modernityAbstrak
The rise of religious fundamentalism in various countries is a phenomenon that can be understood as a response to the development of modernity, particularly secularization and liberalization. In its development, fundamentalist movements are not only related to religious issues but also interact with the social and political dynamics of the state. Their presence in the public sphere can give rise to tension, conflict, and debate regarding the position and role of religion in state life. This article aims to analyze Jeffrey Haynes's thoughts on religious fundamentalism and state politics, as discussed in his work Religion and Politics. This research uses a qualitative approach with library research methods through conceptual-descriptive analysis. The study focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between religious fundamentalism and state politics and the factors that drive the emergence of fundamentalist movements in various countries. The results show that the relationship between religion and politics is dynamic, complex, and reciprocal. Religion can influence political orientation, the formation of public policy, the legitimacy of power, and the mobilization of collective identity. Conversely, state policies and political structures can also influence the development of religious movements. According to Jeffrey Haynes, the rise of fundamentalism is influenced by three main factors: the failure of modernity to meet social needs and the meaning of life, the political marginalization of religious groups, and globalization, which reinforces the issue of religious identity. Thus, secularization and liberalization do not completely eliminate religion, but can encourage the emergence of new forms of religious involvement in the public and political sphere.
Referensi
Al-Anani, K. (2019). The Inclusion-Moderation Thesis: Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford University PressNew York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1332
Bermanis, S., Canetti-Nisim, D., & Pedahzur, A. (2004). Religious fundamentalism and the extreme right-wing camp in Israel. Patterns of Prejudice, 38(2), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313220410001692358
Ciftci, S., Nawaz, M. A., & Sydiq, T. (2016). Globalization, Contact, and Religious Identity: A Cross‐National Analysis of Interreligious Favorability*. Social Science Quarterly, 97(2), 271–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12221
Creswell. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications.
Darwin, D., Rafli, Z., & Lustyantie, N. (2023). Theory-Based Mandarin Learning Anthropolinguistics in Indonesia. International Journal of Language Education and Cultural Review, 9(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.v9i1.32933
Dekmejian, H. (1985). Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World. Syracuse University Press.
Durkheim, E. (1912). The Elementary Forms of The Religious Life. George Allen & Unwin.
Emerson, M. O., & Hartman, D. (2006). The Rise of Religious Fundamentalism. Annual Review of Sociology, 32(1), 127–144. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123141
Friedland, R. (2011). The Institutional Logic of Religious Nationalism: Sex, Violence and the Ends of History. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 12(1), 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2011.564403
Gierycz, M. (2020). Religion: A Source of Fundamentalism or A Safeguard Against It? Religions, 11(3), 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11030104
Glendinning, T., & Bruce, S. (2011). Privatization or Deprivatization: British Attitudes About the Public Presence of Religion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(3), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01582.x
Haynes, J. (2009). Religion and secularism in Israel: between politics and sub- politics. In Religion and Politics in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 89–106). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203869482-12
Haynes, J. (2020a). Introductory thoughts about peace, politics and religion. Religions, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11050242
Haynes, J. (2020b). Introductory Thoughts about Peace, Politics and Religion. Religions, 11(5), 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11050242
Haynes, J. (2021). Religion and International Relations: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It? Religions, 12(5), 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12050328
Juergensmeyer, M. (2010). The global rise of religious nationalism. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 64(3), 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357711003736436
Kindermann, N., Peels, R., Liefbroer, A. I., & Schoonmade, L. (2024). Mapping the concept of fundamentalism: a scoping review. Politics and Religion, 17(4), 648–673. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048324000385
Kinnvall, C. (2004). Globalization and Religious Nationalism: Self, Identity, and the Search for Ontological Security. Political Psychology, 25(5), 741–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00396.x
Köhrsen, J. (2012). How religious is the public sphere? A critical stance on the debate about public religion and post-secularity. Acta Sociologica, 55(3), 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699312445809
Lasswell, H. D. (1936). Politics: Who Gets What, When, How. McGraw-Hill.
Leon, N. (2014). Ethno‐religious Fundamentalism and Theo‐ethnocratic Politics in Israel. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 14(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/sena.12067
Losurdo, D., & Hedges, I. (2026). Fundamentalism. International Critical Thought, 16(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2026.2618002
Marsden, G. M. (2006). Fundamentalism and American Culture. York:Oxford University Press.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods. Jakarta : Pustaka Firdaus.
Moaddel, M., & Karabenick, S. A. (2018). Religious Fundamentalism in Eight Muslim‐Majority Countries: Reconceptualization and Assessment. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(4), 676–706. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12549
Moro, R. (2005). Religion and politics in the time of secularisation: The sacralisation of politics and politicisation of religion. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 6(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760500099796
Mudhofir, A. (1996). Kamus Teori [Theory Dictionary]. Aliran dalam Filsafat & Teologi,(Yogyakarta,GajahaMada University Press.
Peels, R., & Kindermann, N. (2024). What are fundamentalist beliefs? Journal of Political Ideologies, 29(3), 492–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2022.2138294
Rais, M. A. (1986). Islam di Indonesia [Islam in Indonesia]. Raja wali.
Salzman, M. B. (2008). Globalization, religious fundamentalism and the need for meaning. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.04.006
Simms, R. (2002). “Islam is Our Politics”: a Gramscian Analysis of the Muslim Brotherhood (1928-1953). Social Compass, 49(4), 563–582. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768602049004007
Sirry, M. A. (2003). Membendung Militansi Agama: Iman danPolitik dalam Masyarakat Modern [Containing Religious Militancy: Faith and Politics in Modern Society]. Erlangga.
Turner, B. S. (2001). Cosmopolitan Virtue: On Religion in a Global Age. European Journal of Social Theory, 4(2), 131–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684310122225046
Vellenga, S. J. (1994). Tussen orthodoxie en modernisering: over fundamentalisme en de evangelische beweging in Nederland. NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion, 48(2), 104–116. https://doi.org/10.5117/NTT1994.48.002.VELL
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Siti Marlida, Asep Abdul Sahid, Tata Sukayat
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).