The Waning of Kiai's Role: Transformation from Cultural Broker to Political Broker in Regional Head Election
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v5i2.25326Keywords:
Cultural broker, Kiai, political broker, Regional Head ElectionAbstract
This study aims to analyze the transformation of the role of Kiai in the local political context, focusing on their role as cultural broker to become political broker in Banten Regional Head Election. This research involved a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with Kiai in the Banten area and an analysis of related documents. The study's results found a change in the role of the Kiai from being a cultural broker responsible for spreading religious and cultural teachings to the public into a political broker involved in the political process and regional head elections. Kiai not only acts as spiritual leaders but also become determinants in the local political process, including in the regional head elections. Kyai uses their religious influence and authority to influence political preferences and voter behavior. They also have access to political networks and play a role in coordinating political support for certain regional head candidates. This research provides a better understanding of the transformation of Kiai's role from a cultural broker to a political broker in the political process. This study implies that it is a basis for developing a comprehensive understanding of local political dynamics in Indonesia and the role of religion in the political process.References
Ambardi. (2009). Mengungkap Politik Kartel: Studi tentang Sistem Kepartaian di Indonesia Era Reformasi. Jakarta: PT.Gramedia.
Aziz, A. (n.d.). Risalah Singkat Pilgub Banten 2011-2016.
Barcson, B. S. (2015). Electoral politics and patron-client relations: The impediment to electoral development in PNG. Contemporary PNG Studies, 22, 76–91.
Elefson, T. P. (2009). Transactions for blessing (baraka): An ethnography of socio-religio-political power among men in the Santri Islam region of Java. Fuller Theological Seminary, School of Intercultural Studies.
Faridl, M. (2003). Peran Sosial Politik Kiai di Indonesia. Mimbar, 19(2), 195–202.
Fauzi, M. L. (2012). Traditional Islam in Javanese society: The roles of kyai and pesantren in preserving Islamic tradition and negotiating modernity. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 6(1), 125–144.
Flynn, F. J., & Staw, B. M. (2004). Lend me your wallets: the effect of charismatic leadership on external support for an organization. Strategic Management Journal, 25(4), 309–330. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.377
Gardner, W. L., & Avolio, B. J. (1998). The Charismatic Relationship: A Dramaturgical Perspective. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 32–58. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.192958
Geertz, C. (1957). Ritual and social change: a Javanese example. American Anthropologist, 59(1), 32–54.
Geertz, C. (1960). The Religion of Java. London: The University of Chicago Press.
Gendron, A. (2017). The Call to Jihad: Charismatic Preachers and the Internet. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2016.1157406
Halim, W. (2018). Young Islamic preachers on Facebook: Pesantren As’adiyah and its engagement with social media. Indonesia and the Malay World, 46(134), 44–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2018.1416796
Hasan, N. (2008). The Salafi Madrasas of Indonesia. In F. A. Noor, Y. Sikand, & M. van Bruinessen (Eds.), The Madrasa in Asia: Political Activism and Transnational Linkages. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Hidayaturrahman, M., & Putra, D. . A. (2019). The Role of Technology and Social Media in Spreading the Qur’an and Hadiths by Mubalig. DINIKA : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, 4(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.22515/dinika.v4i1.1858
Hinnebusch, R. A. (1984). Charisma, revolution, and state formation: Qaddafi and Libya. Third World Quarterly, 6(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436598408419755
Hodgson, M. G. S. (1974). The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Horikoshi, H. (1987). Kyai dan Perubahan Sosial. Jakarta: P3M.
Hudaeri, M. (2011). Tasbih dan Golok, Kedudukan, Peran dan Jaringan Kiyai dan Jawara di Banten. Banten: Biro Humas dan Protokol Setda Provinsi Banten.
Magenda, B. D. (1990). Perubahan dan Keseimbangan dalam perubahan Masyarakat Indonesia. Prisma, 4, 6–7.
Maswardi Rauf. (2009). Evaluasi Sistem Presidensial. In M. Nurhasim & I. N. Bhakti (Eds.), Sistem Presidensial dan Sosok Presiden Ideal. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Noer, D. (1987). Partai Islam di Pentas Nasional, 1945-1965. Jakarta: PT. Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Nurmajah, S. (2020). Kitab Suci dan Politik Banten: Identifikasi Regionalatas Al- Qur’an Mushaf Al -Bantani. Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Sunan Pandanaran.
Pelras, C. (2000). Patron-client ties among the Bugis and Makassarese of South Sulawesi. In Authority and Enterprise (pp. 15–54). Leiden: BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004486409_003
Pendidikan Islam Kementerian Agama. (2011). Gubernur Banten Serahkan Hibah Rp 2,5 M Bagi Pesantren. Retrieved 21 December 2020, from Pendidikan Islam Kementerian Agama website: https://pendis.kemenag.go.id/read/gubernur-banten-serahkan-hibah-rp-25-m-bagi-pesantren
Qodim, H. (2023). Preserving Faith and Tradition: The Role of Traditional Leaders and Mosques in the Socio-Religious Life of Coastal Communities. Khazanah Sosial, 5(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v5i1.24502
Ricklefs, M. C. (2005). Sejarah Indonesia Modern 1200-2004 (S. Wahono, B. Bilfagih, H. Huda, M. Helmi, J. Sutrisno, & H. Manadi, Trans.). Jakarta: PT. Serambi Ilmu Semesta.
Rohmatulloh, D. M., As’ad, M., & Malayati, R. M. (2022). Gus Baha, Santri Gayeng, and The Rise of Traditionalist Preachers on Social Media. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 16(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2022.16.2.303-325
Roslan Mohd Nor, M., & Malim, M. (2014). Revisiting Islamic education: the case of Indonesia. Journal for Multicultural Education, 8(4), 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1108/JME-05-2014-0019
Scott, J. C. (1972). Patron-Client Politics and Political Change in Southeast Asia. American Political Science Review, 66(1), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/1959280
Stake, R. E. (2005). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 443–466). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Syari’ati, A. (1983). Islam Dalam Persfektif Sosiologi Agama. Bandung: Iqra.
Thahir, M. (2014). The role and function of Islamic boarding school: An Indonesian context. Tawarikh: International Journal for Historical Studies, 5(2), 197–208. https://doi.org/10.2121/tawarikh.v5i2.574
Thotkhah, I. (2001). Anatomi Konflik Politik di Indonesia: Belajar dari Ketegangan Politik Varian di Madukoro. Jakarta: PT Rajagrafindo Persada.
Toloie-Eshlaghy, A., Chitsaz, S., Karimian, L., & Charkhchi, R. (2011). A classification of qualitative research methods. Research Journal of International Studies, 20(20), 106–123.
Trigg, J. W. (1981). The Charismatic Intellectual: Origen’s Understanding of Religious Leadership. Church History, 50(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/3166476
Turmudi, E. (2004). Perselingkuhan kiai dan kekuasaan. Yogyakarta: PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara.
Turner, B. S. (2007). Religious Authority and the New Media. Theory, Culture & Society, 24(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276407075001
Wiryawan, M. R., & Nurdin, D. (2022). Managing Islamic Education for University Studentsin Digital Era. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Research of Educational Administration AndManagement (ICREAM 2022), 48–53.
Woodward, M. R. (1989). Islam in Java: Normative Piety and Mysticism in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. USA: The University of Arizona Press.
Zainal, Z. (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 5(1), 1–6.
Zulkifli, Z. (2013). The Ulama in Indonesia: Between Religious Authority and Symbolic Power. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v37i1.79
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).