The Sense of Community of Online Taxi Drivers

Authors

  • Ratri Arista Center for Indigenous and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-8919
  • Acintya Ratna Priwati Center for Indigenous and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-0280
  • Putri Yunifa Center for Indigenous and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v8i2.7388

Keywords:

sense of community, online taxi, transportation network company, community psychology

Abstract

This study explores how the sense of community (SOC) is represented in online taxi driver communities. This study in Yogyakarta utilized qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was conducted using in-depth interview by snowball sampling method. Thematic analysis is used with theory-driven approach of SOC framework by McMillan and Chavis (1986). Nine male online taxi drivers were the participants. The findings show that all four SOC components are present: membership, influence, integration & need fulfillment, and shared emotional connection. Membership has permeable expanding boundaries with multiple membership and multilayered communities with conventional taxi drivers involvement. Bidirectional influence represents the influence component. Integration and needs fulfillment exists by their informational and helping shared values. Shared emotional connection is represented with the ‘brotherhood’ concept as their main community value. This study contributes to the literature on how sense of community is represented among informal workers amidst the heightened popularity of gig economy.

References

Al-Omoush, K. S., Orero-Blat, M., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2021). The role of sense of community in harnessing the wisdom of crowds and creating collaborative knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Research, 132, 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.056

Buchtel, E. E., Ng, L. C., Norenzayan, A., Heine, S. J., Biesanz, J. C., Chen, S. X., Bond, M. H., Peng, Q., & Su, Y. (2018). A sense of obligation: Cultural differences in the experience of obligation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(11), 1545-1566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218769610

Canevez, R., Maitland, C., Xu, Y., Hannah, S. A., & Rodriguez, R. (2021). Exploring the relationship between information and communication technology collective behaviors and sense of community: An urban refugee analysis. Information Technology & People, ahead-of-print, (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-03-2020-0112

Chavis, D. M., Hogge, J. H., McMillan, D. W., & Wandersman, A. (1986). Sense of community through Brunswik’s lens: A first look. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<24::AID-JCOP2290140104>3.0.CO;2-P

Chang, H. H., Hsieh, P. H., & Fu, C. S. (2016). The mediating role of sense of virtual community. Online Information Review, 40(7), 882-899. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-09-2015-0304

Chih, W. H., Hsu, L. C., & Liou, D. K. (2017). Understanding virtual community members’ relationships from individual, group, and social influence perspectives. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(6), 990-1010. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-03-2016-0119

Debora, Y. (2019, Maret 25). Bentrok transportasi konvensional dan online. Tirto. https://tirto.id/bentrok-transportasi-konvensional-dan-online-clvq

Dutta, B., & Islam, K. M. (2016). Role of culture in decision making approach in Bangladesh: An analysis from the four cultural dimensions of hofstede. Bangladesh e-journal of Sociology, 13(2), 30-38.

EcommerceIQ. (2018, February 6). Uber, Go-Jek, Grab: What do people in Indonesia actually want from ride-hailing apps?. https://ecommerceiq.asia/cp-ride-hailing-apps-in-indonesia/

Edi, P. (2017, Oktober 13). Ratusan pengemudi taksi online di Yogyakarta demo tolak Permenhub 108. Merdeka. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/ratusan-pengemudi-taksi-online-di-yogyakarta-demo-tolak-permenhub-108.html

Gagné, P., & Austin, D. M. (2018). Mixed-methods long-term ethnography: 15 years on the road with touring motorcyclists. SAGE Publications Ltd.

Glöss, M., McGregor, M., & Brown, B. (2016). Designing for labour: Uber and the on-demand mobile workforce. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, 1632–1643. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858476

Gonyea, J. G., Curley, A., Melekis, K., & Lee, Y. (2018). Perceptions of neighborhood safety and depressive symptoms among older minority urban subsidized housing residents: The mediating effect of sense of community belonging. Aging & mental health, 22(12), 1564-1569. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1383970

González-Anta, B., Orengo, V., Zornoza, A., Peñarroja, V., & Martínez-Tur, V. (2021). Understanding the sense of community and continuance intention in virtual communities: The role of commitment and type of community. Social Science Computer Review, 39(3), 335–352. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439319859590

Hammond, M. (2017). What is an online community? A new definition based around commitment, connection, reciprocity, interaction, agency, and consequences. International Journal of Web Based Communities, 13(1), 118-136. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWBC.2017.082717

Hassanli, N., Walters, T., & Williamson, J. (2021). ‘You feel you’re not alone’: How multicultural festivals foster social sustainability through multiple psychological sense of community. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(11-12), 1792-1809. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1797756

Hastuti, R. K. (2019, April 23). Gojek telah diunduh 142 juta kali. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20190423171542-37-68367/gojek-telah-diunduh-142-juta-kali

KibaroÄŸlu, O. (2018). The agile perantau & the perpetual gig economy: A genealogy of the pengojek (Doctoral dissertation unpublished). National University of Singapore. Academia.

Kim, J., Kim, H. M., & Kim, M. (2020). The impact of a sense of virtual community on online community: Does online privacy concern matter?. Internet Research, 31(2), 519-539. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-01-2020-0015

Linangkung, E. (2017, Juni 3). 40% perusahaan taksi di Yogyakarta bergabung dengan Go-Jek. Sindonews.com. https://ekbis.sindonews.com/berita/1210462/34/40-perusahaan-taksi-di-yogyakarta-bergabung-dengan-go-jek

Loomis, C., & Wright, C. (2018). How many factors does the sense of community index assess?. Journal of Community Psychology, 46(3), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21946

Mamonov, S., Koufaris, M., & Benbunan-Fich, R. (2016). The role of the sense of community in the sustainability of social network sites. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 20(4), 470-498. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2016.1171974

McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(198601)14:1<6::AID-JCOP2290140103>3.0.CO;2-I

Michalski, C. A., Diemert, L. M., Helliwell, J. F., Goel, V., & Rosella, L. C. (2020). Relationship between sense of community belonging and self-rated health across life stages. SSM- Population Health, 12, 100676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100676

Naranjo-Zolotov, M., Turel, O., Oliveira, T., & Lascano, J. E. (2021). Drivers of online social media addiction in the context of public unrest: A sense of virtual community perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 121, 106784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106784

Ng, E. C. W., & Fisher, A. T. (2016). Protestant spirituality and well-being of people in Hong Kong: The mediating role of sense of community. Applied Research Quality Life, 11(4), 1253-1267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-015-9435-6

Nistor, N., Daxecker, I., Stanciu, D., & Diekamp, O. (2015). Sense of community in academic communities of practice: Predictors and effects. Higher Education, 69(2), 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9773-6

Nugroho, W. S. (2019, Maret 3). Komunitas driver ojek online siap kawal kasus dugaan percobaan perkosaan di Yogyakarta. Jogja Tribun News. https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2019/03/21/komunitas-driver-ojek-online-siap-kawal-kasus-dugaan-percobaan-perkosaan-di-yogyakarta

Pratama, A. H. (2016, Agustus 12). [Infografis] Perjalanan GO-JEK dari sebuah call center menjadi startup Unicorn. Tech in Asia. https://id.techinasia.com/infografis-perjalanan-go-jek-dari-berdiri-hingga-unicorn

Prentice, C., Han, X. Y., Hua, L. L., & Hu, L. (2019). The influence of identity-driven customer engagement on purchase intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 339-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.12.014

Rafie, B. T. (2019, Desember 31). Keren, kini Indonesia punya 1 decacorn dan 4 unicorn. Kompas.Com. https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/keren-kini-indonesia-punya-1-decacorn-dan-4-unicorn

Rotman, D., & Wu, P. (2014). Sense of community in virtual environments. In J. M. Leimeister & R. Balaji (eds.), Virtual communities (2014 ed) (p. 36-48). Routledge.

Setiyani, A., Sutawijaya, A., Nawangsari, L. C., Riyanto, S., & Endri, E. (2020). Motivation and the millennial generation. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(6), 1124-1136.

Smith, J. R., & Haslam, S. A. (2017). Social psychology: Revisiting the classic studies (2nd Edition). Sage.

Sohi, K. K., Singh, P., & Bopanna, K. (2018). Ritual participation, sense of community, and social well-being: A study of seva in the Sikh community. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(6), 2066-2078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0424-y

Sudjatmiko, E. (2017, Juni 4). Taksi konvensional Yogya nikmati layanan Go-Car. https://krjogja.com/web/news/read/34606/Taksi_Konvensional_Yogya_Nikmati_Layanan_Go-Car

Talò, C., Mannarini, T., & Rochira, A. (2014). Sense of community and community participation: A meta-analytic review. Social Indicators Research, 117(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0347-2

Taylor, L. K., & McKeown, S. (2021). Adolescent outgroup helping, collective action, and political activism in a setting of protracted conflict. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 85, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.09.001

Triandis, H. C. (2019). Individualism and collectivism. Routledge.

Van Winkle, C. M., & Woosnam, K. M. (2014). Sense of community and perceptions of festival social impacts. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 5(1), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-01-2013-0002

Wardoyo, R. J., & Pang, A. (2017). Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and rukun: Managing the trans-boundary haze crisis in Indonesia. In A. M. George & K. Kwansah-Aidoo (eds.), Culture and crisis communication: transboundary cases from nonwestern perspectives. Wiley-IEEE Press.

Widiyanto, D. (2018, Februari 1). Jumlah taksi reguler terjun bebas. KRjogja. https://www.krjogja.com/berita-lokal/diy/yogyakarta/jumlah-taksi-reguler-terjun-bebas/

Yip, C. C. H., & Chan, K. K. S. (2021). How sense of community affects sense of self among sexual minorities: Critical consciousness as a mediating mechanism. American Journal of Community Psychology, 68(1), 117-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12511

Zohrah, N., & Prasetyo, E. (2018). Conflict analysis between online ojek and conventional ojek in Makassar City. Journal of Communication Sciences (JCoS), 1(1), 1-17.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2022-01-02

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021): PSYMPATHIC

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

The author whose published manuscript approved the following provisions:

1. The right of publication of all material published in the journal / published on the E-Journal of Psychology website is held by the editorial board with the knowledge of the author (moral right remains the author of the script).

2. The formal legal provisions for access to digital articles of this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which means that the Journal of Psychology reserves the right to save, transmit media / format, manage in database form, , maintain, and publish articles without requesting permission from the Author as long as it continues to include the name of the Author as the owner of Copyright.

3. Printed and published print and electronic manuscripts are open access for any purposes. In addition to these objectives, the editorial board shall not be liable for violations of copyright law.

Â