Construction of Community Empowerment in A Mountainous Tourism Site


Rahmatika Desiana(1*), Evi Novianti(2), Ute Lies Siti Khadijah(3)

(1) Master of Sustainable Tourism School of Postgraduate, University of Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Indonesia
(2) Master of Sustainable Tourism School of Postgraduate, University of Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Communication Sciences, University of Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Penelitian ini menyelidiki kondisi dampak positif dan negatif pembangunan Objek Wisata Badega terhadap perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori perubahaan sosial Talcott Parsons dengan menganalogikan perubahan sosial pada masyarakat seperti halnya pertumbuhan pada mahluk hidup. Komponen utama pada pemikiran Parsons adalah adanya proses diferensiasi. Parsons berasumsi bahwa setiap masyarakat tersusun dari sekumpulan subsistem yang berbeda bedasarkan makna fungsionalnya bagi masyarakat yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif di mana informan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengelola, masyarakat, pedagang dan wisatawan di sekitar lokasi pariwisata. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui teknik observasi, wawancara dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Para penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan cara pengumpulan data, pengelompokan data, penyusunan data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kondisi masyarakat yang sebelum dibangunnya objek wisata Badega sebagai petani dan buruh bangunan, kini beralih menjadi pedagang dan pengelola objek wisata. Peran pembangunan objek wisata Badega untuk mewadahi potensi mayarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pasar pariwisata. Pembangunan objek wisata Badega menimbulkan dampak positif yaitu membuat masyarakat merasa terlibat dalam pembangunan, membuka lapangan pekerjaan dan menambah daya beli masyarakat; sementara dampak negatif yaitu pencemaran lingkungan dan meningkatkan kejahatan. Kajian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pengambil kebijakan untuk membuat program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang diperlukan guna keterlibatan yang aktif dari masyarakat tersebut, agar pembangunan kepariwisataan dapat berkembang dengan cara saling membantu antar unsur masyarakat dan pemerintah.

Keywords


environmental conservation; economic empowerment; social approach; Rural sociology; communication network

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/jt.v4i2.13776

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