Variabilitas Genetik dan Fenotipik Karakter Pertumbuhan dan Komponen Pertumbuhan Benih Hasil Perbanyakan Vegetatif Klon-klon Teh yang Diperoleh melalui Persilangan Buatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/158Keywords:
Klon teh, Perbanyakan vegetatif, PersilanganAbstract
Perbanyakan tanaman teh dengan menggunakan setek satu daun saat ini merupakan cara yang umum untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan tanaman dalam jumlah yang banyak dengan waktu yang singkat. Salah satu syarat dalam perakitan klon teh unggul baru adalah kemudahan klon tersebut untuk diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Hal ini dikarenakan klon yang mudah diperbanyak secara vegetatif lebih disukai oleh para pekebun. Salah satu pengujian yang harus dilakukan dalam proses pemuliaan tanaman teh adalah uji perbanyakan vegetatif pada kandidat klon unggul baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas kemampuan pertumbuhan dan beberapa komponen pertumbuhan benih setek dalam uji perbanyakan vegetatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Persemaian Pemuliaan Kebun Percobaan Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina Gambung. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 19 klon sebagai perlakuan yang diulang tiga kali, setiap perlakuan ditanam 52 benih setek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh variabilitas genetik pada karakter yang diamati tergolong dalam kategori luas, kecuali untuk karakter panjang akar, dan berat kering akar. Variabilitas fenotipik menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh karakter yang diamati tergolong dalam kategori luas, kecuali berat kering akar.
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Currently, propagation of tea plant using one leaf is a common way to fulfil the need of plant material in large quantity also short in time. One of requirements in assembling new superior tea clone is the easy of clone to be propagated vegetatively. Clone which is easy to propagate in vegetative way is apt more by the gardeners. One required test on tea plant breeding process is vegetative propagation test of new superior clone candidates. This research aimed to determine variability of growth ability and several growth components of cutting seed in vegetative propagation. The research was carried out in Breeding Nursery, Experimental Field of Tea and Cinchona Research Institute Gambung. The trial was set in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 19 clones as the treatment which was repeated three times, each treatment consisted of 52 cutting seeds. The result showed that almost all genetic variability of characters observed were included to wide category, except for root length and root dry weight characters. Phenotypic variability showed that nearly all characters observed were comprised to wide category, except root dry weight.
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