Nature Harmony and Local Wisdom: Exploring Tri Hita Karana and Traditional Ecological Knowledge of the Bali Aga Community in Environmental Protection


Husnul Qodim(1*)

(1) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Environmental pollution has evolved into a global issue that affects all humans can feel. The most frequent cause is a massive land conversion that neglects the negative effects on the surrounding environment. The Bali Aga indigenous people in Trunyan and Tenganan villages have optimism about preventing a global ecological crisis by maintaining their customary forests. This study examines how the Bali Aga Indigenous people in Trunyan and Tenganan villages maintain their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), their views on life, and how social institutions impact local wisdom, practices, and unique knowledge. Qualitative research methods—observation, in-depth interviews, and literature reviews—tracked and processed data. The research discovered a belief in Tri Hita Karana, prioritizing human balance with God and nature. The presence of binding customary law (Awig-awig) demonstrates the belief of the Bali Aga community in managing the forest and preserving its environment. The Awig-awig customary law has been implemented in both villages through diverse natural resource management techniques. It is further supported by their knowledge of the various plant species and their responsibilities in maintaining the ecosystem. Amid a global ecological crisis, the findings indicate that the Awig-awig or customary law plays a significant role in preserving the environment.


Keywords


Awig-awig; Bali Aga; Pengetahuan Ekologi Tradisional

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adimihardja, K. (2009). Leuweung Titipan: Hutan Keramat Warga Kasepuhan di Gunung Halimun. In H. Soedjito (Ed.), Situs Keramat Alami (pp. 78–85). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Komite Nasional MAB Indonesia, LIPI dan Conservation International Indonesia.

Adimiharja, K. (1992). Kasepuhan Yang Tumbuh di atas Yang Luruh: Pengelolaaan Lingkungan Secara Tradisional Di Kawasan Gunung Halimun Jawa Barat. Bandung: Tarsito.

Aridiantari, P., Lasmawan, I. W., & Suastika, I. N. (2020). Eksistensi Tradisi dan Budaya Masyarakat Bali Aga Pada Era Globalisasi di Desa Trunyan. Ganesha Civic Education Journal, 2(2), 67–80.

Ayoob, S., Gupta, A. K., & Bhat, V. T. (2008). A conceptual overview on sustainable technologies for the defluoridation of drinking water. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 38(6), 401–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380701413310

Berkes, F. (1993). Traditional ecological knowledge in perspective. Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Concepts and Cases, 1, 1–9.

Berkes, F. (2017). Sacred ecology. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315114644

Bicker, A., Ellen, R., & Parkes, P. (2003). Indigenous enviromental knowledge and its transformations: Critical anthropological perspectives. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203479568

Bogdan, R., & Tylor, S. J. (1992). Pengantar Metode Penelitian Kualitatif : Suatu Pendekatan Fenomenologis Terhadap Ilmu-ilmu Sosial (Penterjemah Arief Furchan). Surabaya: Usaha Nasional.

Dalton, A. M., & Simmons, H. C. (2010). Ecotheology and the Practice of Hope. New York: State University of New York Press.

Danandjaja, J. (1980). Kebudayaan petani desa Trunyan di Bali: lukisan analitis yang menghubungkan praktek pengasuhan anak orang Trunyan dengan latar belakang etnografisnya. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.

Dharmayudha, I. M. S. (1995). Kebudayaan Bali: Pra Hindu, Masa Hindu, dan Pasca Hindu. Denpasar: Kayumas Agung.

Gottlieb, R. S. (2006). Introduction: Religion and Ecology—What Is the Connection and Why Does It Matter? Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195178722.003.0001

Haribawa, P. A., Avenzora, R., & Arief, H. (2020). The polarization of orientation on cultural land utilization for ecotourism development amongst the local in Bali Aga of Mount Lesung Region. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 26(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.1.21

Iskandar, J., & Ellen, R. . (2004). Development of Sustainable Cultural Tourism in an Indigenous Community: A Case Study of Western Java, Indonesia. Bandung: University of Padjadjaran Press.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Decree of the Minister of Population of the Environment No 02 MENKLH 1988 Concerning Guidelines for Determining Environmental Quality Standards. , (1988).

Kusumo, R. (2022). Mengenal Suku Bali Aga, Masyarakat Pertama yang Mendiami Pulau Dewata. Retrieved March 22, 2022, from Good News from Indonesia website: https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2021/08/07/mengenal-suku-bali-aga-masyarakat-pertama-yang-mendiami-pulau-dewata

Mitchell, B., Setiawan, B., & Rahmi, D. H. (2000). Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Mutia, T., Bachri, S., Astina, I. K., & Aliman, M. (2019). Local wisdom in Indonesia’s customary forest management: Case studies in Sasak, Bali Aga and Minangkabau. Ecology Environment Conservation, 25(3), 7.

Noviana, E., Kurniaman, O., & Dewi, R. S. (2020). Identification of Knowledge Mitigation of Forest and Land Fire Disasters; A Preliminary Study for Management of Disaster Learning in Elementary School. Journal of Physics …. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1655/1/012097

Padmasani, I. (2016). Penentuan zonasi penggunaan lahan di desa tenganan pegringsingan berdasarkan penggunaan ruang masyarakat lokal. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.

Pangasih, F., & Asvitasari, A. (2016). Pergeseran Konsep Morfologi pada Desa Bali Aga, Studi Kasus: Desa Bayung Gede dan Desa Panglipuran. Jurnal Arsitektur KOMPOSISI, 11(3), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.24002/jars.v11i3.1184

Pemerintah Desa Sidetapa. (2022). Kekhasan Masyarakat Bali Aga. Retrieved March 12, 2022, from Website Desa Sidetapa website: http://sidetapa-buleleng.desa.id/index.php/first/artikel/200-KEKHASAN-MASYARAKAT-BALI-AGA#:~:text=Karakteristik kebudayaan Bali Aga secara,4) Orang Bali Aga tidak

Pemerintah Desa Terunyan. (2022). Sejarah Desa Terunyan. Retrieved March 12, 2022, from Website Pemerintah Desa Terunyan website: https://terunyan.desa.id/artikel/2018/8/7/sejarah-desa-terunyan

Pemerintah Kabupaten Karangasem. (2022). Desa Tenganan. Retrieved March 12, 2022, from Website Pemerintah Kabupaten Karangasem website: http://v2.karangasemkab.go.id/index.php/baca-pariwisata/158/DESA-TENGANAN

Prajnawrdhi, T. A. (2021). Toward sustainable building designs and the environment in Denpasar city: lesson learned from Bali Aga concepts. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 738(1), 012058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/738/1/012058

Qodim, H. (2013). Politik Identitas Sunda: Pergulatan ideologi kebudayaan dan politik kekuasaan studi terhadap dua organisasi sosial kesundaan di Jawa Barat. Bandung: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

Rakatama, A., & Pandit, R. (2020). Reviewing social forestry schemes in Indonesia: Opportunities and challenges. Forest Policy and Economics, 111, 102052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102052

Reuter, T. A. (2017). Custodians of the Sacred Mountains. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824862107

Saturi, S. (2015). Menjaga Desa, Melindungi Hutan Adat Tenganan Pegringsingan. Retrieved March 21, 2022, from Mongabay website: https://www.mongabay.co.id/2015/01/15/menjaga-desa-melindungi-hutan-adat-tenganan-pegringsingan/

Sudirga, S. K. (2012). Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Sebagai Obat Tradisional Di Desa Trunyan Kecamatan Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli. Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment, 4(2), 7–18.

Sumarjo, S. (2018). Eksistensi Awig-awig dalam Menjaga Harmonisasi Desa Adat Tenganan Pegringsingan, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali. Habitus: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosiologi, & Antropologi, 2(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.20961/habitus.v2i1.20222

Sumunar, D. R. S., Suparmini, S., & Setyawati, S. (2017). Masyarakat desa adat tenganan pegringsingan. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 22(2), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v22i2.19929

Suparmini, S., Setyawati, S., & Sumunar, D. R. S. (2013). Pelestarian lingkungan masyarakat Baduy berbasis kearifan lokal. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 18(1), 8–22. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v18i1.3180

Tiwari, G. N., Prasad, C. S., & Nath, L. (2011). Arthropod Diversity in Brinjal Ecosystem and its Relation with Weather Factors in Western Uttar Pradesh. Trends in Biosciences, 4(1), 12–18.

Tomalin, E. (2016). Biodivinity and biodiversity: The limits to religious environmentalism. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315569352

Utama, I. W. B. (2016). Wajah Bali Tanpa Kasta Pudarnya Identitas Bali Aga. Denpasar: Pustaka Ekspresi bekerjasama dengan Program Pascasarjana UNHI.

Wartayasa, I. K. (2018). Kebudayaan Bali dan Agama Hindu. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 1(2), 173–192.

Wijana, N., & Gusti Agung Nyoman Setiawan, I. (2020). The Utilization Of Useful Plant Species Based On Socio-Cultural Of Tenganan Pegringsingan Bali Aga Village, District Of Karangasem, Bali. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1503(1), 012042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1503/1/012042

Yhani, P. C. C., & Supastri, M. (2020). Filsafat Tri Hita Karana sebagai landasan menuju Harmonisasi dan Hidup Bahagia. ŚRUTI: Jurnal Agama Hindu, 1(1), 36–44.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v7i1.24250

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Husnul Qodim

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Department of Religious Studies Faculty of Ushuluddin Building 3rd Floor

Jl. Raya A.H. Nasution No. 105 Bandung, 40614,

Tel: (022) 7802275

Fax: (022) 780-3936

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya is Indexed By:

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journal) Dimensions Moraref Crossref SINTA Portal Garuda Google Scholar

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lihat Statistik Religious View MyStat

 

Lisensi Creative Commons

This work is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International