Regulating Online Dispute Resolution in The Digital Era: A Comparative Socio-Legal Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/adliya.v19i2.45323Keywords:
online dispute resolution, social perspectives, legal domain, written form, information securityAbstract
This paper examines the growing relevance of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) as a mechanism for resolving conflicts in the digital era. It explores how ODR challenges traditional legal concepts, partic-ularly the definition of “written form,” and how it contributes to fair, efficient, and accessible dispute settlement at both domestic and international levels. The study employs a socio-legal approach, com-bining doctrinal analysis of international and national regulations with comparative research across jurisdictions. Empirical insights from surveys and interviews with practitioners and users of ODR platforms supplement the analysis, highlighting the practical effectiveness and limitations of ODR in real-world contexts. ODR has emerged as a critical tool in e-commerce and digital transactions, with global online buyers projected to exceed 2 billion. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated its adoption, making digital mediation and arbitration a necessity rather than an option. Despite its advantages in accessibility and efficiency, gaps remain in legal harmonization, recognition of electronic communications as valid “written forms,” and trust in digital platforms.
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