Propellant Development Using Local Sources of Nitrate Compounds


Suharnoko Suharnoko(1), Chairussani Abbas Sopamena(2), Jasmansyah Jasmansyah(3), Anceu Murniati(4), Arie Hardian(5*)

(1) Study Program of Master Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia Division of Research and Development, Indonesian Army, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia, Indonesia
(2) Department of Governance Science, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia, Indonesia
(3) Study Program of Master Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia, Indonesia
(4) Study Program of Master Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia, Indonesia
(5) Study Program of Master Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Currently in Indonesia, propellant research is still rarely carried out due to bureaucratic and budgetary problems. This study aimed to determine the optimum composition of propellant using local sources of nitrate compounds based on its combustion heat value and to study the effect of the composition on its combustion heat value. The propellant composition used in this study consists of oxidizing agents (local nitrate compounds), fuel (Aluminium), binder (polyester-based resin), and additive (catalyst). A bomb calorimetry method (ASTM D5865/5865-19) was used to determine the combustion heat value of the propellant. The results showed that the heat of combustion of local content nitrate compound-based propellants was high (> 1500 cal/g), adding binder to the propellant composition increases the heat of combustion. Ammonium nitrate-based propellant has the highest heat of combustion value of 3,788 cal/g. The optimum binder composition in the propellant was 33% (w/w). Based on this study, local source of nitrate compounds has potential to be used for development of propellant, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, it can encourage rocket research in Indonesia as a capital for the development of defense equipment to be less expensive.


Keywords


Binder; Fuel; Heat of Combustion; Oxidizing agent; Propellant.

Full Text:

PDF

References


[1] E., Türkyilmaz, “Performance analysis and testing of high-performance ammonium nitrate-based solid rocket propellant”, Thesis Istanbul Technical University, 2020.

[2] H.B., Wibowo, “Kajian program peningkatan kinerja propelan komposit berbasis AP/HTPB/Al”, Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara Vol.16 No.2: 123 – 138, 2018.

[3] S., Chaturvedi, and P. N., Dave, “Solid propellants: AP/HTPB composite propellants”, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 2061–2068, 2019.

[4] C., Oommen, and S.R., Jain, “Ammonium nitrate: a promising rocket propellant oxidizer”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 253–281, 1999.

[5] H., Wibowo, “Current solid propellant research and development in Indonesia and its future direction”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1130, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2018.

[6] D., Bharat and H., Saleh H, “Polyester”, Chapter 7, Intech, 2018.

[7] H., Austruy, “Solid rocket propulsion technology”, Pergamon press, New york, 1993.

[8] G.N. Cristovam, S.F.A. Carvalho, A.E.M. Santos, and C.F. Wehmann, “Experimental evaluation of potassium nitrate, sucrose and resin burning in solid motors”, ABCM International congress of mechanical engineering, Uberlândia. Brazil, 2019.

[9] P., Jindal, “Effect of Additives on KNO 3 based Solid Propellants”, International Journal of Research, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 2468–2473, 2018.

[10] A., Zygmunt, K., Gańczyk, A., Kasztankiewicz, K., Cieślak, & T., Gołofit, “Application and properties of aluminum in primary and secondary explosives”, Journal of Elementology, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 747–759, 2017.

[11] T.H., Hagen, “Energetic binders for solid rocket propellants”, Thesis Norwegian university of life science, 2014

[12] N., Dahalan, “Mengkaji prestasi pottasium nitrat sebagai bahan dorong pepejal untuk enjin roket”, Universiti teknologi malaysia, Johor, Malaysia, 2004.

[13] K. Lysien, S. Agnieszka, and J. Tomasz, “Solid propellant formulations: a review of recent progress”, Journal MDPI, vol. 6657, no. 14, pp. 1-17, 2021.

[14] K.F. Oyedeko, and A. Onyieagho, “Effect of propellant formulation on propellant properties”, International Journal of Engineering sciences & research technology, vol. 7, pp. 305-313, 2018.

[15] T. Naya, and M. Kohga, “Burning characteristics of ammonium nitrate-based composite propellants supplemented with Fe2O3”, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 547–554, 2013.

[16] N. Tomoki and K. Makoto, “Influence of Fe2O3 size on burning characteristics of ammonium nitrate/ Fe2O3 propellants”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 864-866, 2014.

[17] P. Jindal, “Effect of additives on KNO3 based solid propellants”, International Journal of Research, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 2468-2472, 2018.

[18] L. Abdillah, H., Wibowo, and K. Hartaya, “Penggunaan binder HTPB berenergi tinggi untuk meningkatkan energetik propelan komposit (Application of high energy HTPB binder to enhance the energetic of composite propellant)”, Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara, vol 16, no.1, pp. 35-44, 2018.

[19] K. Hartaya, “Analisis kandungan aluminium powder propelan berdasar energi pembakaran dari bomb kalorimeter”, Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara, vol. 14, no.1, pp. 73-80, 2016.

[20] F.P., Istomo and A. Tristiasti, “Penetapan nilai kalori dalam batubara dengan kalorimeter parr 6200”, Jurnal Sains Natural, vol.7, no.2, pp. 83-90, 2019.

[21] K. Hartaya, “Process improvement of Lapan’s composite propellant preparation based on research result from India”, Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 121-130, 2015.

[22] N.R.S. Muda, I.W.I. Wardana, N. Hamidi, L. Yuliati, and A.B. Setiawan, “The total impulse study of solid propellants combustion containing activated carbon from coconut shell as a catalyst”, In International Conferences SDGs 2030 Challenges and Solutions, vol. 1, no. 1, 2017.

[23] Y. Rismanto, and M. Taufiqurrahman, “Analisis spesifik impuls pada propelan padat komposit dengan campuran arang aktif tunggak kayu akasia sebagai bahan bakar propelan padat komposit”, Jurnal Teknologi rekayasa teknik mesin, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 68-74, 2021.

[24] B. Murachman, S. Sajono, F. Afandi, and J. Khaeri, “Optimization Study of the Solid Propellant (Rocket Fuel) Based on Extracted Bitumen of Indonesian Natural Buton Asphalt”, ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp.57-72, 2013.

[25] Z. Angelika, G. Katarzyna, K. Anna, C. Katarzyna, and G. Tomasz, “Application and properties of aluminum in primary and secondary explosives”, Journal of Elementology, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 747-759, 2017.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v9i2.20878

Copyright (c) 2023 Suharnoko Suharnoko Suharnoko

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

CrossrefSINTAGoogle ScholarIndonesia One Search

View My Stats

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.