Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Acetone Extract Caesalpinia sappan L.


Tita Juwitaningsih(1*), Nurhadi Syahputra(2), Eddiyanto Eddiyanto(3), Neneng Windayani(4), Yaya Rukayadi(5)

(1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemistry. Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
(5) Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) from the Caesalpiniaceae family is a plant that has been widely used as a health drink such as herbal medicine, in Sundanese called jamu or wedang secang. The drink containing C.sappan extract is traditionally believed to have the ability to reduce symptoms of colds, coughs, canker sores, and rheumatism, overcome fatigue and improve blood circulation. In this research, wood extract of C. sappan L in acetone solvent tested as antibacterial and anticancer. The antibacterial test was performed on the bacteria Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 and Enterococcus. faecalis ATCC 49619 with paper disc diffusion method. The microdilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The anticancer test is carried out in vitro on A549 lung cancer cells using the MTT method assay. The results showed that the wood extract of C. sappan L in acetone has weak antibacterial activity against S. mutans ATCC 35668 and E. faecalis ATCC 49619. The MIC is 1250 ug/mL, respectively. Aceton wood extract of C. sappan L. showed moderate anticancer activity with IC50 value 90,01µg/mL. Thus, the extract of C. sappan L. in acetone has the potential as a source of anticancer compounds.

Keywords


Caesalpinia sappan L.; antibacterial; lung cancer (A549).

Full Text:

PDF

References


[1] L. Ngamwonglumlert, S. Devahastin, N. Chiewchan, and G.S. Raghavan. “Color and molecular structure alterations of brazilein extracted from Caesalpinia sappan L. under different pH and heating conditions”, Scientific reports, vol. 10, no. 12386, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69189-3.

[2] A. Hariana, Tumbuhan obat dan khasiatnya. Depok: Niaga Swadaya, 2006

[3] N.A. S, I.K. Dewi, and Y.D. Rusita, “Pengembangan formula wedang secang sebagai minuman kemasan rendah kalori”, Interes. J. Ilmu Kesehat., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 87–95, 2018, doi: 10.37341/interest.v7i1.77.

[4] P. Wetwitayaklung, T. Phaechamud, and S. Keokitichai, “The antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia sappan L.. heartwood in various ages”, Naresuan Univ. J., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 43–52, 2005.

[5] R. Sari and Suhartati, “Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) : tumbuhan herbal kaya antioksidan”, Bulletin Eboni, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 57–67, 2016, doi: 10.20886/buleboni.5077.

[6] S. Tewtrakul, P. Tungcharoen, T. Sudsai, C. Karalai, C. Ponglimanont, and O. Yodsaoue, "Antiinflammatory and wound healing effects of Caesalpinia sappan L.", Phytotherapy Research, vol. 29, no. 6, pp.850-856, 2015, doi: 10.1002/ptr.5321.

[7] Febriyenti, N. Suharti, H. Lucida, E. Husni, and O. Sedona, “Karakterisasi dan studi aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.)”, Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 23–27, 2018, doi: 10.25077/jsfk.5.1.23-27.2018.

[8] F. Setiawan, O. Yunita, and A. Kurniawan, “Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan) menggunakan metode DPPH, ABTS dan FRAP”, Media Pharm. Indones., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 82–89, 2018.

[9] N.P. Nirmal, M.S. Rajput, R.G.S.V. Prasad, and M. Ahmad, “Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood and its pharmacological activities: A review”, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 421–430, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.014.

[10] A.W. Helmalia, P. Putrid, and A. Dirpan, “Potensi rempah-rempah tradisional sebagai sumber antioksidan alami untuk bahan baku pangan fungsional),” Canrea J. Food Technol. Nutr. Culin. J., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26–31, 2019, doi: 10.20956/canrea.v2i1.113.

[11] N. Hanif, A. Dina, Y. F. Esti, M. A. Taufik, and R. A. Susidarti, “Ekstrak etanolik secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) menunjukkan efek sitotoksik pada sel kanker payudara 4T1 tetapi tidak melalui jalur reactive oxygen species (ROS),” J. Tumbuh. Obat Indones., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 55–62, 2017, doi: 10.22435/toi.v10i2.7195.55-62.

[12] T. Juwitaningsih, I.S Jahro, S. Adelilasari, and Y. Rukayadi , “Antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants in North Sumatra against common human pathogens,” Res. J. Chem. Environ., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 99–105, 2020.

[13] C. and L. S. I. (CLSI), Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically, Approved S. USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2012.

[14] T. Juwitaningsih, I. S. Jahro, I. Dumariris, E. Hermawati, and Y. Rukayadi, “Phytochemical, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activity study of m. Candidum leaf acetone extract,” Rasayan J. Chem., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1096–1103, 2020, doi: 10.31788/RJC.2020.1325614

[15] S. Settharaksa, P. Pathompak, F. Madaka, and C. Monton, “Antibacterial Activity and Forced Degradation Study of Caesalpinia Sappan L. Heartwood Extract for Inhibiting Pus-Forming Bacteria,” BHST, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 64–69, 2016.

[16] J.P .Dzoyem, A.H. NKuete, V. Kuete, M>F. Tala, H.K.Wabo, S.K. Guru, V.S. Rajput, A. Sharma, P.Tane, I.A. Khan and A.K.Saxena, " Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract and compounds from Polygonum limbatum." Planta medica, 78(08), pp.787-792, 2012. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1298431.

[17] G. Mohan, S. P. Anand, and A. Doss, “Efficacy of aqueous and methanol extracts of C. sappan L . and Mimosa pudica L . for their potential antimicrobial a ....,” South As. J. Biol.Sci, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 48–57, 2011.

[18] M. Suffness and J. Pezzuto, "Assays related to cancer drug discovery." In methods. London, UK: Academic press, 1990.

[19] A.N. Bukke, F. Nazneen Hadi, K. S. Babu, and P.C. shankar, “In vitro studies data on anticancer activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood and leaf extracts on MCF7 and A549 cell lines,” Data Br., vol. 19, pp. 868–877, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.050.

[20] T. Juwitaningsih, D. Roza, S. Silaban, E. Hermawati, N. Windayani, “ Phytochemical screening, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activity of Coffee parasite acetone extract (Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb).” Pharmacia, 69(4), 1041-1046, 2022

[21] M. Nursid, N.D. fajarningsih, and E. Chasanah, E.” Cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction of T47D cell lines by Turbinaria decurrens extract.” Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, 8(1), 23-28. 2013

[22] S. Hutomo, H. Susilowati, Y.I. Suryanto, C. Kurniawan, “ Perubahan morfologi sel HeLa setelah paparan ekstrak etanolik Curcuma longa”. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia, 2(1), 1-5. 2017)

[23] O. Rina, S. Ibrahim, A. Dharma, Afrizal, and C. U. Wirawati, “Screening for active agent to anti-diarrhea by an evaluation of antimicrobial activities from three fractions of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan. L),” Der Pharma Chem., vol. 8, no. 19, pp. 114–117, 2016.

[24] N.N. P and P.R.G S V, “Wound healing activity of standardized brazilin rich extract from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood,” J. Chem. Pharm. Res., vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 195–201, 2014, [Online]. Available: www.jocpr.com.

[25] N.M.G.R. Nomer, A.S. Duniaji, and K.A. Nocianitri, “Kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan antosianin ekstrak kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) serta aktivitas antibakteri terhadap vibrio cholerae,” J. Ilmu dan Teknol. Pangan, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 216–225, 2019, doi: 10.24843/itepa.2019.v08.i02.p12.

[26] Y.J. Xu, J. Zhang, C.P. Tang, and Y. Ye, “A new diterpenoid from the seeds of Caesalpinia sappan Linn,” Rec. Nat. Prod., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 124–128, 2013.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v9i2.20966

Copyright (c) 2023 Tita Juwitaningsih

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

CrossrefSINTAGoogle ScholarIndonesia One Search

View My Stats

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.