Studi of In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Namnam Leaves (Cynometra cauliflora) Extract in Sprague Dawley Rat

Authors

  • La Ode Sumarlin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Agik Suprayogi Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Indonesia
  • Min Rahminiwati Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Indonesia
  • Aryani Satyaningtijas Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Indonesia
  • Hajar Hajar Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • Meyliana Wulandari Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v10i1.23406

Keywords:

Antidiabetic, Cynometra cauliflora, type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol.

Abstract

Various treatments for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) aim to alleviate hyperglycemia. Although natural products have been extensively utilized, their mechanism of action and efficacy as antidiabetic agents, particularly for T2DM, has not been extensively assessed in vivo. In this research, the leaves of the Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora) were extracted and tested for their activity as an antidiabetic agent. Sprague Dawley rats aged 3.5-4 months, weighing 200-250 g, were used as the experimental model, with a total of 30 individuals. The rats were induced with a high-fat diet and 30% sucrose until their blood glucose concentration reached ≥ 120 mg/dL. Subsequently, the rats were divided into four groups (groups 1, 2, 3, and 4). Over 21 days, changes in blood glucose, triacylglycerol, glycogen, and blood plasma insulin levels were assessed. The results demonstrated that the methanol extract of Namnam leaves (NLME) effectively reduced blood glucose levels by 23-34%, decreased plasma triglyceride levels by 13-30%, and increased liver glycogen levels by 68-96% compared to the control group (Diabetes). Among all the parameters assessed, NLME exhibited similar performance to metformin, a commonly prescribed diabetes medication (p<0.05). Furthermore, the study revealed that NLME exerted antidiabetic effects, particularly for T2DM, by promoting liver glycogen formation, enhancing insulin secretion control, facilitating glucose absorption by muscles, and restricting fat metabolism in the blood

References

R.A. Rizza, “Pathogenesis of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: Implications for therapyâ€, Diabetes, 59(11), 2697–2707, 2010, doi: 10.2337/db10-1032.

K. Kishida, T. Funahashi, and I. Shimomura, “Molecular mechanisms of diabetes and atherosclerosis: Role of adiponectinâ€, Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 12(2), 118–131, 2012, doi: 10.2174/187153012800493468.

A. Bamosa, A. Elnour, H. Kaatabi, A. al Meheithif, K. Aleissa, and S. Al-Almaie, “Zamzam water ameliorates oxidative stress and reduces hemoglobina1c in type 2 diabetic patientsâ€, J Diabetes Metab, 04(03), 1–5, 2013, doi: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000249.

E.S. Hosseyni, H.H. Kashani, and M.H. Asadi, “Mode of action of medicinal plants on diabetic disordersâ€, Life Sci J, 9(4), 2776–2783, 2012.

P. Alexiou and V.J. Demopoulos, “A Diverse series of substituted benzenesulfonamides as aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity: Design, synthesis, and in vitro activityâ€, J Med Chem, 53(21), 7756–7766, 2010, doi: 10.1021/jm101008m.

A. Seyedan, Z. Mohamed, M.A. Alshagga, S. Koosha, and M.A. Alshawsh, “Cynometra cauliflora Linn. Attenuates metabolic abnormalities in high-fat diet-induced obese miceâ€, J Ethnopharmacol, 236, 173–182, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.001.

S.-C. Shen and W.-C. Chang, “Hypotriglyceridemic and hypoglycemic effects of vescalagin from Pink wax apple [Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill and Perry cv. Pink] in high-fructose diet-induced diabetic ratsâ€, Food Chem, 136(2), 858–863, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.037.

J. de Wilde et al., “An 8-week high-fat diet induces obesity and insulin resistance with small changes in the muscle transcriptome of C57BL/6J miceâ€, Lifestyle Genom, 2(6), 280–291, 2009, doi: 10.1159/000308466.

H. Mawarti, R. Ratnawati, and D. Lyrawati, “Epigallocatechin Gallate Menghambat Resistensi Insulin pada Tikus dengan Diet Tinggi Lemakâ€, Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya, 27(1), 43–50, 2013, doi: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2012.027.01.8.

L. Sylow et al., “Rac1 Signaling Is Required for Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake and Is Dysregulated in Insulin-Resistant Murine and Human Skeletal Muscleâ€, Diabetes, 62(6), 1865–1875, 2013, doi: 10.2337/db12-1148.

F. Jameel, M. Phang, L.G. Wood, and M.L. Garg, “Acute effects of feeding fructose, glucose, and sucrose on blood lipid levels and systemic inflammationâ€, Lipids Health Dis, 13(1), 195, 2014, doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-13-195.

R. Wei et al., “Study on the effect of different types of sugar on lipid deposition in goose fatty liver,†Poult Sci, 101(4), 101729, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101729.

A.W. Augustine, A. Narasimhan, M. Vishwanathan, and B. Karundevi, “Evaluation of antidiabetic property of Andrographis paniculata powder in high fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic adult male ratâ€, Asian Pac J Trop Dis, 4, S140–S147, 2014, doi: 10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60429-1.

Q.J. Fadheel, “A Comparative Study of the effect of Metformin and Metformin plus Garlic on Blood Glucose Level in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iraqâ€, Res J Pharm Technol, 12(4), 1806, 2019, doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00301.9.

L.O. Sumarlin, A. Suprayogi, M. Rahminiwati, and A. Satyaningtijas, “Evaluasi in vitro kemampuan penyerapan glukosa oleh ekstrak daun namnam (Cynometra cauliflora) pada otot diafragma tikusâ€, Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, 4(1), 67–74, 2018, doi: 10.15408/jkv.v4i1.7345.

F. Hajiaghaalipour, M. Khalilpourfarshbafi, and A. Arya, “Modulation of glucose transporter protein by dietary flavonoids in type 2 diabetes mellitusâ€, Int J Biol Sci, 11(5), 508–524, 2015, doi: 10.7150/ijbs.11241.

A. Diani and A.B. Pulungan, “Tata laksana metformin diabetes mellitus tipe 2 pada anak dibandingkan dengan obat anti diabetes oral yang lainâ€, Sari Pediatri, 11(6), 395, 2016, doi: 10.14238/sp11.6.2010.395-400.

A. Pinakesty and R.N. Azizah, “Correlation between lipid profile with type 2 diabetes mellitus progressionâ€, JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia, 8(2), 66–72, 2020, doi: 10.53366/jimki.v8i2.131.

M.S. Sultana, Y. Akhter, M. Parvin, M.M.U. Alam, L. Naznin, and M.A. Wahab, “Lipid profile pattern in type 2 diabetes mellitus patientsâ€, Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh, 14(2), 177–179, 2020, doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v14i2.45903.

I. Wurdianing, S. Nugraheni, and Z. Rahfiludin, “Efek ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) terhadap profil lipid tikus putih jantan (Rattus Norvegicus)â€, Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), 3(1), 7–12, 2014, doi: 10.14710/jgi.3.1.96-101.

A. Eidi, M. Eidi, and E. Esmaeili, “Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic ratsâ€, Phytomedicine, 13(9–10), 624–629, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2005.09.010.

H. Al-Sulaiti et al., “Triglyceride profiling in adipose tissues from obese insulin sensitive, insulin resistant and type 2 diabetes mellitus individualsâ€, J Transl Med, 16(1), p. 175, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1548-x.

L.O. Sumarlin, A. Suprayogi, M. Rahminiwati, A. Tjachja, and D. Sukandar, “Bioaktivitas ekstrak metanol daun namnam serta kombinasinya dengan madu trigonaâ€, Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan, 26(2), 144–154, 2015, doi: 10.6066/jtip.2015.26.2.144.

L. Bao, L. Hu, Y. Zhang, and Y. Wang, “Hypolipidemic effects of flavonoids extracted from Lomatogonium rotatumâ€, Exp Ther Med, 11(4), 1417–1424, 2016, doi: 10.3892/etm.2016.3038.

F.M. Ashcroft, M. Rohm, A. Clark, and M.F. Brereton, “Is type 2 diabetes a glycogen storage disease of pancreatic β cells?â€, Cell Metab, 26(1), 17–23, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.014.

G.A. Bhat, H.A. Khan, A.S. Alhomida, P. Sharma, R. Singh, and B.A. Paray, “GLP-I secretion in healthy and diabetic Wistar rats in response to aqueous extract of Momordica charantiaâ€, BMC Complement Altern Med, 18(1), 162, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2227-4.

M. Packirisamy, P. Ayyakkannu, and M. Sivaprakasam, “Antidiabetic effect of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesâ€, Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(11), 683–698, 2018, doi: 10.21472/bjbs.051107.

S.E. Nikoulina, T.P. Ciaraldi, L. Carter, S. Mudaliar, K.S. Park, and R.R. Henry, “Impaired muscle glycogen synthase in type 2 diabetes is associated with diminished phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activationâ€, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86(9), 4307–4314, 2001, doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.9.7872.

J.A. Junejo, K. Zaman, M. Ali, and M. Rudrapal, “New flavonoid with antidiabetic and antioxidant potential from Tetrastigma angustifolia (Roxb.) Deb leavesâ€, Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 56, 2020, doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418806.

A. Fathoni, L.O. Sumarlin, F. Hanief, and D. Sukandar, “Isolation and cytotoxic activity of the β-carotene combination of trigona honey and namnam leaves extract (Cynometra cauliflora)â€, Elkawnie, 7(1), 52, 2021, doi: 10.22373/ekw.v7i1.8696.

M.A. Ado, F. Abas, I.S. Ismail, H.M. Ghazali, and K. Shaari, “Chemical profile and antiacetylcholinesterase, antityrosinase, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cynometra cauliflora L. leavesâ€, J Sci Food Agric, 95(3), 635–642, 2015, doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6832.

P.K. Mukherjee, K. Maiti, K. Mukherjee, and P.J. Houghton, “Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentialsâ€, J Ethnopharmacol, 106(1), 1–28, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.021.

M.K. Akbar, H. Hajrah, and Y. Sastyarina, “Identifikasi metabolit sekunder air seduhan daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dan bawang dayak (Sisyrinchium palmifolium L.) yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor ?-Glukosidaseâ€, Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 15, 116–121, May 2022, doi: 10.25026/mpc.v15i1.627.

G. Marcelino et al., “β-Carotene: Preventive role for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: A reviewâ€, Molecules, 25(24), 5803, 2020, doi: 10.3390/molecules25245803.

Y. Chai, J. Luo, and Y. Bao, “Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum saponin on hyperglycemia, gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes miceâ€, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 143, 112155, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112155.

R.B. Koneri, S. Samaddar, and C.T. Ramaiah, “Antidiabetic activity of a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl.â€, Indian J Exp Biol, 52(1), 46–52, 2014.

Y. Demir, M.S. Özaslan, H.E. Duran, Ö.Ä°. KüfrevioÄŸlu, and Åž. Beydemir, “Inhibition effects of quinones on aldose reductase: Antidiabetic propertiesâ€, Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 70, 103195, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103195.

L.O. Sumarlin et al., “Identification of compounds flavonoids namnam leaf extract (Cynometra Cauliflora) as inhibiting a-glucosidaseâ€, J Phys Conf Ser, 1594(1), 012005, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1594/1/012005.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2023-06-30

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).