Penyiapan Arang Aktif Pelepah Kelapa Sawit sebagai Adsorben Asam Lemak Bebas dari CPO (Crude Palm Oil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v7i1.6497Keywords:
pelepah sawit, arang aktif, karbonisasi, adsorben, asam lemak bebas, permukaanAbstract
Limbah pelepah sawit (LPS) dihasilkan secara periodik dari perkebunan kelapa sawit. Keberadaan LPS ini berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku adsorben. LPS telah diubah menjadi arang aktif pelepah sawit (APS) melalui langkah karbonisasi pada temperatur 600oC selama waktu bervariasi (30, 60, dan 120 menit). APS yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis kadar air, abu dan zat menguap. APS juga dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR untuk menentukan gugus fungsi, keasaman permukaan dengan tirasi Bhoem serta SEM untuk mendeteksi morfologi permukaan. Kemampuan APS untuk menjerap asam lemak bebas (ALB) dari CPO dipelajari pada waktu adsorpsi dan dosis adsorben yang bervariasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua APS memiliki kadar air, abu dan zat menguap yang sangat rendah, sehingga memenuhi SNI 06-3730-1995. Gugus fungsi yang dimiliki APS di antaranya C-O, O-H, C-O-C, C=O, C-C (aromatik) dan C-H. APS mengandung 14 mmolg-1 total asam dengan mayoritas asam fenolat sebanyak 12,3 mmolg-1, sisanya sebagai asam karboksilat dan laktonat. Morfologi permukaan arang aktif membentuk rongga-rongga dengan ukuran yang semakin besar dan tersusun rapat seiring dengan lamanya waktu karbonisasi. Hasil uji adsorpsi ALB yang paling baik ditunjukkan oleh APS60 yang mampu menjerap hingga 77,8% ALB pada waktu adsorpsi 60 menit dan 1 g dosis adsorben. Dengan demikian, LPS layak dikembangkan menjadi arang aktif dan digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk mengurangi kadar asam lemak bebas dalam CPO.
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