NATIONALISM IN BITHAQAH HAWIYYAH’s POETRY BY MAHMUD DARWISY: RIFFATTERE SEMIOTIC STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/hijai.v8i1.44277Keywords:
Mahmud Darwisy, Poetry, Riffaterre Semiotics, Nationalism.Abstract
Mahmud Darwisy is a Palestinian poet who has become a Palestinian icon. One of his early poetry collections was Awraq Al-Zaytun (Olive Trees) which included a poetry entitled Bithaqah Hawiyyah (Identity Card). This poetry has a magical power that is strong enough to describe Mahmud Darwisy's nationalism and the struggle of the Palestinian people to reclaim their homeland which has been colonized by Israel. The theory used is Riffaterre's semiotic in analyzing this poetry. This research aims to find the elements and forms of nationalism in Bithaqah Hawiyyah’s poetry. The method used is the descriptive-analysis. The conclusion from a semiotic reading of Bithaqah Hawiyyah's poetry is the fighting or nationalist spirit of the Palestinian people in reclaiming the Palestinian homeland which had been colonized by Israel. The elements of nationalism contained in this poetry are (1) the desire to achieve unity; (2) the desire to achieve independence; (3) the desire to achieve loyalty; (4) the desire to maintain national honor. Furthermore, the forms of nationalism contained in this poetry are (1) civic nationalism and (2) state nationalism. Keywords: Mahmud Darwisy, Poetry, Riffaterre Semiotics, Nationalism.
References
Anggraheni, D., & Budiman, M. (2022). Children’s Hope: Semiotic Analysis on Atouna El Toufoule’s Video Clip. English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC) Proceedings, 5(1), 78–92.
Arwan, M. S., & Ukhrawiyah, F. (2020). Patriotisme Dalam Syair Bitaqah Hawiyyah Karya Mahmud Darwisy. Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa Dan Sastra, 6(2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.21067/jibs.v6i2.3878
A. Teuuw. (2012). Literature and Literary Science: An Introduction to Literary Theory. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
Al-Jarim, Ali and Musthofa Amin. (2000). Translation of Al-Balaaghatul Waadhihah, Bandung: Sinar Baru Al-Gesindo.
Endraswara, Suwardi. (2006). Literary Research Methodology. Yogyakarta: PT. Widyastama Library.
Fariq, A., Fauzi, A., Chatlina, C. D., Aulia, D., Putri, S., & Marshanda, A. (n.d.). Konflik Palestina-Israel dalam perspektif teori ruang publik Habermas Palestine-Israel conflict in the perspective of Habermas ’ public space theory. 29(2), 1–10.
Jabrohim. (2001). Literary Research Methods. Yogyakarta: Indonesian Poetika Society.
Kaelan. (2009). Philosophy of Language Semiotics and Hermeneutics. Yogyakarta: Paradigm.
Kamil, Sukron. (2009). Theory of Arabic Literary Criticism: Classical and Modern. Jakarta: Rajawali Pres.
Misri A. Muchsin. (2015). Palestina dan Israel: Sejarah, Konflik dan Masa Depan. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 39(2), 199. http://jurnalmiqotojs.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/jurnalmiqot/article/view/32/20
Muchsin, M. A. (2015). PALESTINA DAN ISRAEL: Sejarah, Konflik dan Masa Depan. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 39(2), 390–406. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v39i2.32
Putri, H., & Insani, D. (2021). Fakta Sosial Perang Lebanon Tahun 1982 Dalam Lagu a’Tuna Tufuli Karya Remi Bandali: Analisis Semiotik Riffaterre. Jurnal CMES , Volume XI, 69–79. www.paljourneys.org
Pradopo, Rahmat Djoko. (2012). Poetry Studies. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 2012.
Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. (2004). Theory, Methods, and Techniques of Literary Research. Yogyakarta: Student Library.
Wahidin, D., & Wati, I. (2024). Konflik Palestina dan Israel dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. 1917, 338–354.
Van Zoest, Aart. (1993). Semiotics of Signs: How They Work and What We Do With Them, Jakarta: Sumber Agung.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Masyitoh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
For Authors:
-
Author's Copyright: Upon publication, the copyright of the article is retained by the author(s). This means that the authors hold the exclusive right to use, reproduce, and distribute their own work.
-
User Rights and License: The articles published in Hijai - Journal on Arabic Language and Literature are made available to the public under the terms of the CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0. This license allows anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the source, a link to the license is provided, and an indication if changes were made. This is done in a reasonable manner that does not suggest the licensor endorses the user or their use.
-
Author's Rights without Restrictions: As the copyright holder, authors are permitted to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of their work. For example, authors may deposit their published article in an institutional repository, publish it in a book, or distribute it on their personal website, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Hijai - Journal on Arabic Language and Literature.
For Readers and Users:
-
You are free to:
-
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
-
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
-
The license terms are based on the CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0, so you must follow its requirements.
-
-
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit to the original author(s), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
