Does Sharia Support Cloning? A Qualitative Analysis


Sabbir Hasan(1*)

(1) Pundra University of Science and Technology, Bogura,, Bangladesh
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Recent developments in genetics and biotechnology have ushered in a new era of health advancement. Islam is the name of a faith that inspires its followers to innovate within the limits of Islamic law in the pursuit of knowledge and to improve the quality of life. Modern biotechnology, especially animal cloning, has helped advance human civilisation's social, economic, and health aspects. Therapeutic cloning has uncovered enormous possibilities in medical practice. However, cloning technology is also believed to have the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises ethical issues. Islamic countries need to reach a consensus on this important issue. The need for a Sharia perspective to improve science and technology is evident in the context of greater health development. Muslim scholars need to immediately take a logical and much-needed step towards stem cell and cloning research that considers the scientific benefits and ethical, legal, and Sharia implications. The present study aims to evaluate the different views of Muslim jurists on therapeutic and reproductive cloning by clarifying the Shariah position on this controversial issue.

Keywords


Cloning, Therapeutic Cloning, Reproductive Cloning, Islamic Sharia, Ethics

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Hilali, M. T.-D., & Khan, D. M. M. (1993a). thomas. Maktaba Dar-us-Salam.

Al-Hilali, M. T.-D., & Khan, M. M. (1993b). Interpretation of the Meanings of the Noble Quran in the English Language: By Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali, Muhammad Muhsin Khan. Maktaba Darul.

Al-Mazkur, K., Al-Saif, A., Al-Gindi, A. R., & Abu Guddah, A. A. S. (1985). Human life: its inception and end as viewed by Islam. Minutes of the Seminar on Human Life: Its Inception and End as Viewed by Islam.

Al-Qaradwi, Y. (1997). Man by Cloning will drive humanity to destruction. Al-Mujtama, 19(2), 30.

Al-Sadi. (2002). Istinsakhu Bainal Ilmi Wal Fiqhi. Beirut: Dar al-Harf al-Arabi.

al-Suyuti, I. (2013). Al-ashbah Wa Al-nazair Fi Qawa’id Wa Furu’Fiqh Al-shafi’iyah. Dar Al-Hadith.

Al‐Hayani, F. A. (2008). Muslim perspectives on stem cell research and cloning. Zygon®, 43(4), 783–795.

Aramesh, K., & Dabbagh, S. (2007). An Islamic view to stem cell research and cloning: Iran’s experience. The American Journal of Bioethics, 7(2), 62–63.

Bajirova, M. (2019). Disease Is an Expiation of the Sins. Partridge Publishing Singapore.

Barratt, H., & Jackson, T. (2001). Scions made simple. BMJ, 323(7309), 406.

Bennett, D. (2022). PIG ORGANS HEAD FOR THE CLINIC. Nature, 611.

Berchtold, N. C., & Cotman, C. W. (1998). Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s. Neurobiology of Aging, 19(3), 173–189.

Cibelli, Kiessling, Cuniff, Richards, Lanza, D. W. (2001). Somatic cell nuclear transfer in humans: pronuclear and early embryonic development. The Journal of Regenerative Medicine, 2(1), 25–30.

Collins, F. S. (1999). Medical and societal consequences of the human genome project. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(1), 28–37.

dictionary.cambridge.org. (2022). cloning. Retrieved October 13, 1 B.C.E., from dictionary.cambridge.org website: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cloning

Ebrāhīm, A. F. M. (2001). Organ Transplantation, Euthanasia, Cloning and Animal Experimentation an Islamic View. United Kingdom: Islamic Foundation.

Einsiedel, E., Allansdottir, A., Allum, N., Bauer, M., Berthomier, A., Chatjouli, A., … Rusanen, T. (2002, January 1). Brave new sheep: the clone named Dolly.

Fadel, H. E. (2012). Developments in stem cell research and therapeutic cloning: Islamic ethical positions, a review. Bioethics, 26(3), 128–135.

Hasim, N. A., Amin, L., Mahadi, Z., Yusof, N. A. M., Ngah, A. C., Yaacob, M., … Aziz, A. A. (2020). The integration and harmonisation of secular and Islamic ethical principles in formulating acceptable ethical guidelines for modern biotechnology in Malaysia. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26(3), 1797–1825.

Health Canada. (2014). Prohibitions related to scientific research and clinical applications. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from Health Canada website: www.hcsc.gc.ca

https://www.bbc.com/. (2022). Cloning timeline: Which animals and when?

https://www.genome.gov/. (2022). Cloning Fact Sheet. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.genome.gov/ website: Cloning Fact Sheet

Husain, F. A. (2000). Reproductive issues from the Islamic perspective. Human Fertility, 3(2), 124–128.

Husni, A. B. M., Nasohah, Z., & Kashim, M. I. A. M. (2015). Problem of domestic violence and its solutions in the light of maqasid shariah. Asian Social Science, 11(22), 33.

Iqbal, R. K., BiBi, S., Muneer, S., BiBi, S., & Anwar, F. N. (2020). Ethical issues of human cloning. Journal of Medical Sciences, 40(3), 103.

Islamic Fiqh Academy. (1997a). Cloning and more. Meeting of the Islamic Fiqh Academy. Retrieved November 2, 2022, from iifa-aifi.org website: https://iifa-aifi.org/en/32539.html

Islamic Fiqh Academy. (1997b). Human Cloning. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from Islamic Fiqh Academy website: https://iifa-aifi.org/en/32539.html

Ismail, D., & Agustina, F. (2021). Cloning is Reviewed From the Perspective of Islam and Health. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology, 1(1), 71–74.

Kashim, M. I. A. M., Hasim, N. A., Zin, D. M. M., Amin, L., Mokhtar, M. H., Shahimi, S., & Mutalib, S. A. (2021). Animal cloning and consumption of its by-products: A scientific and Islamic perspectives. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(5), 2995–3000.

Kawakami, M., Sipp, D., & Kato, K. (2010). Regulatory impacts on stem cell research in Japan. Cell Stem Cell, 6(5), 415–418.

Keller, E. F. (2022). Nature, nurture, and the human genome project. In The Ethics of Biotechnology (pp. 335–354). Routledge.

Leather, S. (2004). Human cloning–what should we really be frightened of? Clinical Medicine, 4(4), 299.

Lovell-Badge, R. (2001). The future for stem cell research. Nature, 414(6859), 88–91.

Majah, I. (1975). Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid al-Qazwini. Sunan Ibn Majah, 5.

Manjur, I. (2003). Lisanul Arab. Beirut: Daru Sadir.

Mohab, M. S. Al. (2000). Hawla Handasatil Wirasati wa Ilmil Istinsakh. Beirut: Darul Arabiyati Lil Ulum.

Perry, A. C. F., & Wakayama, T. (2002). Untimely ends and new beginnings in mouse cloning. Nature Genetics, 30(3), 243–244.

Qaradawi, S. Y. A. (2015). Cloning and its dangerous impacts. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from islamonline.net website: https://islamonline.net/lfatwalenglishlfatwadisplay.as/?hFatwaID--46058

Qasmi, Q. M. I. (2009). Cloning in the light of shariah. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دارالكتبالعلمية.

Rothman, Li. (n.d.). This Is How Dolly the Sheep Was Cloned. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from https://time.com/ website: https://time.com/4384947/dolly-sheep-cloning-history/

Rugnetta, M. (2022). cloning genetics. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from britannica.com website: https://www.britannica.com/science/cloning

Sherman, R. M., & Salzberg, S. L. (2020). Pan-genomics in the human genome era. Nature Reviews Genetics, 21(4), 243–254.

stemcellsaustralia.edu.au. (2010). Australian Stem Cell Center. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from stemcellsaustralia.edu.au website: https://stemcellsaustralia.edu.au/

think.design. (2022). Document Research. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from think.design,com website: https://think.design/user-design-research/document-research/

Thomas, I. (2012). Should Scientists Pursue Cloning? United Kingdom: Capstone Global Library Ltd.

Thomas, T. (2003). Cloned and genetically engineered animals. Humane Society of the United States.

Thomson, J. A., & Odorico, J. S. (2000). Human embryonic stem cell and embryonic germ cell lines. Trends in Biotechnology, 18(2), 53–57.

United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning. (2022). Ad Hoc Committee on International Convention against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings. Retrieved October 22, 1 B.C.E., from United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning website: ttps://legal.un.org/committees/cloning/

Veres, A., Gosis, B. S., Ding, Q., Collins, R., Ragavendran, A., Brand, H., … Musunuru, K. (2014). Low incidence of off-target mutations in individual CRISPR-Cas9 and TALEN targeted human stem cell clones detected by whole-genome sequencing. Cell Stem Cell, 15(1), 27–30.

Weiss, R. (2008). Mature Human Embryos Created From Adult Skin Cells. Washington Post, 18.

Witherspoon Council. (2022). he Threat of Human Cloning Ethics, Recent Developments, and the Case for Action. Retrieved October 22, 1 B.C.E., from www.thenewatlantis.com website: https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-threat-of-human-cloning

World Health Organization. (1997). An Islamic vision of some problems The Contemporary. Al-Muslimeen Newspaper, p. 647.

Www.bbc.com. (2022). Cloning timeline: Which animals and when? Retrieved October 22, 1 B.C.E., from Www.bbc.com website: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20120229-cloning-which-animals-and-when

www.christiantoday.com. (2005). UK grants human cloning license to Dolly scientist. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from www.christiantoday.com website: https://www.christiantoday.com/article/uk.grants.human.cloning.license.to.dolly.scientist/2102.htm

Www.merriam-webster.com. (2022). clone. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from www.merriam-webster.com website: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/clone

www.ojp.gov. (2004). French Penal Code Number (800). Retrieved October 26, 2022, from www.ojp.gov website: https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/french-penal-code#additional-details-




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/ijik.v13i1.23676

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Sabbir Hasan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

IJIK: International Journal of Islamic Khazanah has been indexed on:

Google ScholarDOAJ

 

 UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Abdul Haris Nasution Street No.105, Cibiru,  Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

E-mail: IJIK@uinsgd.ac.id

Lisensi Creative Commons

IJIK are licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

 
Flag Counter
View my Stats ( Click )