Pengaruh aplikasi bio-invigorasi dan lamanya perendaman benih kedaluwarsa pada pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Abstract

The increasing chili consumption in Indonesia requires efforts to maintain and even improve seed quality. Efforts to maintain the quality of expired seeds can be applied through bio-invigoration and soaking of chili seeds. The research was done on March 26–September 30 2022 at Banyumas Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory, and screen house on Jl. Kramasari Bojong, Kawunganten, Cilacap, Central Java, 4x4 Factorial Completely Randomized Design, 48 experimental units. The first factor was bio-invigoration, B0=without bioinvigoration, B1=30% coconut water+B. subtilis and P. fluorescens, B2=24% shallot  extract+B. subtilisand P.fluorescens, and B3=24% bean sprout extract+B. subtilis and P. fluorescens. The second factor was soaking  time,  P0 = 0 hours, P1 = 24 hours, P2 = 48 hours, P3 = 72 hours. Parameters were seed germination (%), seed growth uniformity (%), vigor index, plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), and fruit fresh weight (g). The results showed that seed quality parameters and plant height were better at 24 hours of immersion with all bioinvigoration. Still, the number of leaves and fruit fresh weight were effective at 24 hours of immersion with 30% coconut water+B. subtilis and P. fluorescens.

ABSTRAK

Upaya untuk mempertahankan bahkan meningkat kualitas benih cabai rawit perlu dilakukan karena peningkatan konsumsi di Indonesia. Upaya mempertahankan kualitas benih kedaluwarsa dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian bio-invigorasi dan perendaman pada benih cabai rawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 26 Maret–30 September 2022 di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Banyumas, dan screen house di Jl. Kramasari Bojong, Kawunganten, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial 4x4, 3 kali ulangan dengan 48 unit percobaan. Faktor pertama adalah bio-invigorasi: B0=Tanpa bio-invigorasi, B1=30% air kelapa+B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens, B2=24% ekstrak bawang merah+B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens, dan B3=24% ekstrak tauge+B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens. Faktor kedua lama perendaman, P0=0 jam, P1=24 jam, P2=48 jam, P3=72 jam. Parameter yang diamati meliputi daya berkecambah benih (%), keserampakan tumbuh benih (%), indeks vigor, tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai) dan bobot segar buah (g). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter kualitas benih dan tinggi tanaman efektif pada lama perendaman 24 jam dengan semua bahan bio-invigorasi, namun parameter jumlah daun dan bobot segar buah efektif pada perendaman 24 jam dengan 30% air kelapa+B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens.