Respon empat varietas bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) lokal Indonesia terhadap media induksi dan proliferasi kalus embriogenik

Rumaisha Afifatul Hafizah, Sobir Sobir, Syarifah Iis Aisyah, Djoko Tamami, Ika Roostika

Abstract


Establishing a regeneration media of Indonesian local garlic is necessary for several purposes, including plant breeding and large-scale propagation. This study was aimed to evaluate media formulation on callus induction and proliferation of four local garlic varieties (Geol, Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, and Lumbu Putih) using root cuttings as the explants. MS media supplemented with different concentration of picloram (4 and 6 mg L-1) without and in combination with glutamine (100 mg L-1) alone and casein hydrolysate (3 g L-1) were evaluated. The results showed that the responses of induction and proliferation of embryogenic callus were genotype-dependent because there was no significant interaction between varieties and media formulations. Still, the varieties had a significant interaction with the observed variables. The fastest initiation time of callus induction was obtained from Lumbu Putih, less than 2 weeks after culture. Geol showed the highest percentage of callus formation and fresh weight of callus, 59% and 0,92 g respectively. There were three different types of the callus: (1) friable, glossy, clear white, (2) friable, glossy, transparent yellow, and (3) semi compact, glossy, yellowish to milky white.

ABSTRAK

Pemantapan media regenerasi bawang putih lokal Indonesia penting dilakukan untuk berbagai tujuan, termasuk pemuliaan tanaman dan perbanyakan skala besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon in vitro empat varietas bawang putih lokal (Geol, Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, dan Lumbu Putih) terhadap komposisi media induksi dan proliferasi kalus dengan menggunakan akar sebagai eksplan. Komposisi media yang diujikan meliputi media dasar MS yang mengandung pikloram (4 dan 6 mg L-1), baik tanpa atau dengan penambahan glutamin (100 mg L-1) dan kasein hidrolisat (3 g L-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respon induksi dan proliferasi kalus embriogenik bersifat genotype dependent, sebab tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara faktor varietas dan formulasi media, namun faktor varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel amatan. Waktu inisiasi kalus tercepat diperoleh dari Lumbu Putih, yaitu kurang dari 2 minggu setelah kultur. Varietas Geol memiliki persentase pembentukan kalus dan bobot segar kalus tertinggi, berturut-turut sebesar 59% dan 0,92 g. Terdapat tiga tipe kalus yang terbentuk, yaitu (1) remah, mengkilap, putih bening, (2) remah, mengkilap, bening kekuningan, dan (3) kompak, mengkilap, kekuningan-putih susu.

Keywords


casein hydrolisate, Geol, glutamine, Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, Lumbu Putih, picloram

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abiyyuddin, M. (2024). Identifikasi senyawa antibakteri bawang hitam dari Pulau Lombok dengan pendekatan metabolomik. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Ahmad, A., ul Qamar, M. T., Shoukat, A., Aslam, M. M., Tariq, M., Hakiman, M., & Joyia, F. A. (2021). The effects of genotypes and media composition on callogenesis, regeneration and cell suspension culture of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). PeerJ, 9. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11464

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Produksi Tanaman Sayuran 2021-2022. BPS. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NjEjMg==/produksi-tanaman-sayuran.html.

Bhatia, S. (2015). Plant Tissue Culture. In Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences (pp. 31–107). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802221-4.00002-9

Ezeorba, T. P. C., Chukwudozie, K. I., Ezema, C. A., Anaduaka, E. G., Nweze, E. J., & Okeke, E. S. (2022). Potentials for health and therapeutic benefits of garlic essential oils: Recent findings and future prospects. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 3, 100075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100075

Farhadi, N., Panahandeh, J., Azar, A. M., & Salte, S. A. (2017). Effects of explant type, growth regulators and light intensity on callus induction and plant regeneration in four ecotypes of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium). Scientia Horticulturae, 218, 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.056

Handini, R. (2023). Induksi dan regenerasi kalus bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) kultivar tawangmangu baru menggunakan picloram dan kinetin secara in vitro. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Kamenetsky, R., & Rabinowitch, H. D. (2016). Physiology of Domesticated Alliums: Onions, Garlic, Leek, and Minor Crops. In Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences (Vol. 3, pp. 255–261). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394807-6.00064-2

Krishna, R., Ansari, W. A., Khandagale, K., Benke, A. P., Soumia, P. S., Manjunathagowda, D. C., Gawande, S. J., Ade, A. B., Mokat, D. N., & Singh, M. (2022). Chapter 14 - Meristem culture: A potential technique for in vitro virus-free plants production in vegetatively propagated crops. In A. Chandra Rai, A. Kumar, A. Modi, & M. Singh (Eds.), Advances in Plant Tissue Culture (pp. 325–343). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90795-8.00017-5

Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant, 3(15), 473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x

Nie, H., Wang, Y., Wei, C., Grover, C. E., Su, Y., Wendel, J. F., & Hua, J. (2021). Embryogenic calli induction and salt stress response revealed by RNA-Seq in diploid wild Species Gossypium sturtianum and Gossypium raimondii. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.715041

Parreño, R., Rodríguez-Alcocer, E., Martínez-Guardiola, C., Carrasco, L., Castillo, P., Arbona, V., Jover-Gil, S., & Candela, H. (2023). Turning Garlic into a Modern Crop: State of the Art and Perspectives. Plants, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061212

[PUSDATIN] Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. (2020). Outlook Bawang Putih Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Hortikultura. Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian.

Robledo-Paz, A., & Tovar-Soto, H. M. (2012). Biotechnological Tools for Garlic Propagation and Improvement. In Agbo EC (Ed.), Innovations in Biotechnology (pp. 31–56). In Tech Open. https://doi.org/10.5772/30636

Safitri, M. (2021). Preferensi konsumen terhadap komoditas bawang putih lokal dan bawang putih impor di Kecamatan Masbagik Kabupaten Lombok Timur [Skripsi]. Universitas Mataram.

Shang, A., Cao, S. Y., Xu, X. Y., Gan, R. Y., Tang, G. Y., Corke, H., Mavumengwana, V., & Li, H. Bin. (2019). Bioactive compounds and biological functions of garlic (allium sativum L.). In Foods (Vol. 8, Issue 7). MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8070246

Sharma, P., Sharma, S. R., Dhall, R. K., Mittal, T. C., & Bhatia, S. (2020). Physio-chemical behavior of γ-irradiated garlic bulbs under ambient storage conditions. Journal of Stored Products Research, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2020.101629

Shimizu, K., Nagaike, H., Yabuya, T., & Adachi, T. (1997). Plant regeneration from suspension culture of Iris germanica 1. In Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (Vol. 50). Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Takamori, L. M., Machado Neto, N. B., Vieira, L. G. E., & Ribas, A. F. (2015). Optimization of somatic embryogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration of Urochloa species using picloram. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant, 51(5), 554–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-015-9701-1

Thomas, T. D. (2008). The role of activated charcoal in plant tissue culture. Biotechnology Advances, 26(6), 618–631. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.08.003

Wattimena, G., Nurhajati, Wiendi, N., Purwoko, B., Purwito, A., Efendi, D., & Khumaida, N. (2011). Bioteknologi dalam Pemuliaan Tanaman. IPB Press.

Wen, Y., Liu, H., Meng, H., Qiao, L., Zhang, G., & Cheng, Z. (2022). In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13(917910), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.917910

Wiendi, N., Wattimena, G., & Prasetyanti, E. (1996). Perbanyakan in vitro tanaman bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) varietas lumbu putih melalui induksi tunas adventif. Bul. Agron., 24(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v24i1.1617




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/37229

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7933) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

https://sia.itny.ac.id/info/ slot gacor slot gacor https://opac.animasi.isi.ac.id/animasi/ https://bkd.iainambon.ac.id/storage/ https://sia.itny.ac.id/media/ https://partisipasisehat.kemkes.go.id/media/ https://partisipasisehat.kemkes.go.id/media/paitohk/ https://regpus.kemkes.go.id/media/ https://www.isi.ac.id/wp/ https://apps-ukt.unesa.ac.id/archive/ https://hkip.unesa.ac.id/masuk/ https://sipicoayu.indramayukab.go.id/asset/ https://sipicoayu.indramayukab.go.id/asset/ https://eligible-lldikti3.kemdikbud.go.id/public/storage/asset/bank/