Biologi, infestasi dan musih alami Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) pada pertanaman jagung di Kabupaten Banggai

Ivonela Karolina Yahya, Ambo Abd Kadir Pakanyamong, Desi Wahyuniarsih, Mutmainah Mutmainah, Dicky Wahyudi

Abstract


Spodoptera frugiperda has a high potential to cause crop failure in corn plantations. However, information on this pest attack is still very limited in Central Sulawesi and there have been no reports of this pest attack in Banggai Regency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biology, infestation and natural enemies of S. frugiperda in Banggai Regency. This study was conducted in corn plantations owned by the community in Boras village, Sepe village and Dolom village. Observation of the biology of S. frugiperda was done by calculating the time needed at each stage. Observation of infestation was done by observing sample plants that were attacked and observing natural enemies in the form of parasitoids by taking samples of eggs and larvae then observing the parasitoids that appeared, in observing predators by using pitfall traps to trap insects on the ground which were then identified and in observing entomopathogenic fungi by taking samples of infected S. frugiperda larvae in the field and then identifying them. The results showed that the life cycle of S. frugiperda lasts approximately 45 days. The infestation of S. frugiperda is considered very high with an average infestation in the last observation in Boras Village of 84%, Sepe Village of 76% and Dolom Village of 88%. 5 types of natural enemies were found, namely 1 type of egg parasitoid (Telenomus sp.), 1 type of larval parasitoid (Megaselia sp.), 2 types of predators (Lycosa sp. and Forficula sp.), and 1 type of entomopathogenic fungus (Metarhizium sp.).

ABSTRAK

Spodoptera frugiperda sangat berpotensi menimbulkan gagal panen pada pertanaman jagung. Akan tetapi, informasi mengenai serangan hama ini masih sangat sedikit di Sulawesi Tengah dan belum ada laporan mengenai serangan hama tersebut di Kabupaten Banggai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis biologi, infestasi dan musuh alami S. frugiperda di Kabupaten Banggai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan pertanaman jagung milik masyarakat di Desa Boras, Desa Sepe dan Desa Dolom. Pengamatan biologi S. frugiperda yaitu dengan menghitung waktu yang dibutuhkan pada setiap stadianya. Pengamatan infestasi dilakukan dengan cara mengamati tanaman sampel yang terserang dan pengamatan musuh alami berupa parasitoid yaitu dengan mengambil sampel telur dan larva kemudian diamati parasitoid yang muncul, pada pengamatan predator yaitu dengan menggunakan pitfall-trap untuk memerangkap serangga permukaan tanah yang kemudian diidentifikasi dan pada pengamatan cendawan entomopatogen yaitu dengan mengambil sampel larva S. frugiperda yang terinfeksi di lapangan kemudian diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siklus hidup S. frugiperda berlangsung kurang lebih selama 45 hari. Infestasi S. frugiperda tegolong sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata infestasinya pada pengamatan terakhir yaitu di Desa Boras sebesar 84%, Desa Sepe sebesar 76% dan Desa Dolom sebesa 88%. Ditemukan 5 jenis musuh alami yaitu 1 jenis parasitoid telur (Telenomus sp.), 1 jenis parasitoid larva (Megaselia sp.), 2 jenis predator (Lycosa sp. dan Forficula sp.), dan 1 jenis cendawan entomopatogen (Metarhizium sp.).

Keywords


Biology, corn, infestation, natural enemies, S. frugiperda

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/39573

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