Water saving technology package to improve shallot productivity for smallholder farmers in eastern Indonesia


Ahmad Suriadi(1*), Lia Hadiawati(2), Moh Nazam(3)

(1) a Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (BPTP) NTB Jalan Raya Peninjauan Narmada Lombok Barat NTB Indonesia, Indonesia
(2) ,  
(3) ,  
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Dryland usage for shallot cultivation is very potential in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province Indonesia. However, its utilization is faced with various obstacles such as soil low fertility, limited water availability, and high pest and disease attacks. Currently, farmers apply flood and furrow irrigation methods for shallot cultivation in NTB Province, which may not suitable on dryland, especially on coarse texture soils. The purpose of this study was to obtain a package of water-saving technology to increase the productivity of shallots in the dryland of NTB. There were three treatments of technology packages tested laid as Randomized Block Design: A (Trichoderma sp., bio-urine liquid fertilizer, sprinkler irrigation; B (bio-urine liquid fertilizer, furrow irrigation); and C (farmer practice), involving farmer group members from planning to evaluating for the technology package that being tested. The amount of water used was measured using a water meter. The results showed that package A had achieved the highest shallot yield at 31.6 tons ha-1, which was 14% and 45% higher compared to package B and C, respectively. Package A was also able to save water irrigation for 62.1% and 95.8% compared to package B and C, respectively. Thus, sprinkler irrigation not only can increase shallot yield but also better in saving water irrigation.

 

Penggunaan lahan kering untuk budidaya bawang merah di Nusa Tenggara Barat sangat potensial. Namun hal tersebut terkendala oleh beberapa masalah seperti rendahnya kesuburan tanah, terbatasnya air irigasi, dan tingginya gangguan hama dan penyakit. Saat ini, petani di NTB mengairi tanaman bawang merah dengan cara direndam atau leb yang belum tentu sesuai dengan kondisi lahan kering terutama pada tanah dengan tekstur berpasir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan paket teknologi hemat air yang dapat meningkatkan hasil dan pendapatan budidaya bawang merah di lahan kering. Ada tiga perlakuan paket teknologi yang ditata dengan rancangan acak kelompok yaitu A (Trichoderma sp., pupuk organik cair bio-urine, dan irigasi curah); B (pupuk organik cair bio-urine, dan pengairan leb), dan paket C (cara petani: pengairan leb). Penelitian ini melibatkan petani mulai dari perencanaan sampai evaluasi paket teknologi yang diujikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paket A menghasilkan produksi tertinggi sebesar 31,6 t ha-1, atau 14% dan 45% ebih tinggi dari paket B dan C. Paket A juga mampu menghemat air irigasi sebanyak 62,1% dan 95,8% dibandingkan dengan paket B dan C. Dengan demikian, penggunaan irigasi curah mampu meningkatkan hasil dan menghemat air irigasi.


Keywords


dryland, productivity, shallot, technology package, water saving

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdurachman, A., Dariah, A., & Mulyani, A. (2008). Strategi dan teknologi pengelolaan lahan kering mendukung pengadaan pangan nasional. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 27(2), 43–48.

Badan Pusat Statistik, B. (2015). NusaTenggara Barat Dalam Angka Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia.

Benzinger, M., Setimle, P. ., Hodson, D., & Vivek, B. (2006). Breeding for improved abiotic stress. Agricultural Water Management, 80, 212–224.

Debaeke, P., & Aboudrare, A. (2004). Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environments. European Journal of Agronom, 21, 433–446.

Jensen, J. ., Bernhard, R. ., Hansen, H., McDonagh, J., Moberg, J. ., Nielsen, N. E., & Nordbo, E. (2003). Productivity of maize based cropping systems under varios soil water nurtient management strategies in semi-arid, Alfisols enviroenment in East Africa. Agricultural Water Management, 59, 217–237.

Li, J., & Rao, M. (2003). Field evaluation of crop yield as affected by nonuniformity sprinkler-applied water and fertilizers. Agricultural Water Management, 59, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00123-3

Ma’shum, M. (1997). Kemangkusan (Efficiency) Pemupukan dilahan kering (Makalah Disampaikan Pada Temu Aplikasi Paket Teknologi Pertanian Sub Sektor Tanaman Pangan Di Mataram 12-14 Maret 1997.).

Mulyani, A., & Hidayat. (2009). Peningkatan kapasitas produksi tanaman pangan pada lahan kering. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, 3(2), 73–84.

Nazam, M., Suriadi, A., Zulhaedar, F., & Hafid. (2012). Pewilayahan komoditas berdasarkan zona agroekosistem. In Laporan Pengkajian. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Nusa Tenggara Barat.

Oldeman, L. ., Las, I., & Muladi. (1980). The Agroclimatic Map of Kalimantan, Irian Jaya, and Bali, West and East Nusa Tenggara. CRIA. Bogor. Indonesia. CRIA.

Roy, D. (2014). Effect of Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Yield, Water Productivity and Seed Production of Onion (Allium cepa L. CV BARI Piaz-1). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2, 256. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.14

Sumbayak, R. D. L., & Susila, A. D. (2018). Spray Hose Irrigation System Increased Yield of Polyethylene Mulched Shallot. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 5(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.5.2.49-54

Undang, K. (2004). Prospek pengairan pertanaman semusim lahan kering. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 23(4), 12–20.

Utomo. (2002). Pengelolaan lahan kering untuk pertanian berkelanjutan. Seminar Nasional IV Pengembangan Wilayah Lahan Kering Dan Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan Himpunan Ilmu Tanah Indonesia Di Mataram, 27-28 Mei 2002.

Vickers, L., Grove, I., & Monaghan, J. (2015). Soil type and irrigation affect onion yield and storability. Acta Horticulturae, 1091, 245–251. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1091.30

Yenus, O. K. (2013). Effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels on bulb yield, nitrogen uptake and water use efficiency of shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum Baker). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(37), 4637–4643. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar12013.6737

Yoo, K. S., Leskovar, D., Patil, B. S., & Lee, E. J. (2019). Effects of leaf cutting on bulb weight and pungency of short-day onions after lifting the plants. Scientia Horticulturae, 257(June), 108720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.10872




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/6461

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7933) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.