Challenges to the development of Islam in Germany Post World War II
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v5i3.45190Keywords:
discrimination, Germany, identity, immigration, integration, Islam, pluralism, World War IIAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perkembangan Islam Pasca Perang Dunia II atau Perang Dunia Kedua di Jerman. Perang ini melibatkan banyak sekali negara di dunia termasuk semua kekuatan besar yang pada akhirnya membentuk dua aliansi militer yang saling bertentangan: Sekutu dan Poros. Pada tahun 1922, sejumlah Muslim dari 44 etnis membangun komunitas Muslim di Berlin walaupun akhirnya mereka gagal mendirikan masjid karena masalah finansial. Masjid pertama di Jerman baru kemudian dibangun oleh komunitas Ahmadiyah (Lahore) pada tahun 1925. Ratusan ribu tentara Turki Usmani kembali didatangkan ke Jerman pada masa kepemimpinan Nazi untuk membantu Jerman dalam Perang Dunia II. Dalam perang ini Jerman menderita kekalahan yang mengakibatkan hancurnya perekonomian Jerman. Pasca Perang Dunia II, khususnya dekade 1960-1970-an, gelombang pekerja imigran dari Turki, Afrika Utara, dan bekas Yugoslavia, mulai didatangkan untuk membantu pembangunan infrastruktur di Jerman. Walaupun pada awalnya mayoritas adalah laki-laki, pada tahap berikutnya mereka bisa membawa keluarga mereka. Sejak 1980-an, jumlah imigran Muslim pencari suaka di Jerman mulai meningkat, terutama etnik Turki (Kurdi, Yezidis, dan Asyur). Mayoritas Muslim Turki di Jerman saat ini adalah generasi ke-3 dan ke-4 yang lahir di Jerman, walaupun tidak semuanya sebagai warganegara Jerman. Di samping itu, komunitas Muslim asal Iran dianggap paling bisa berintegrasi di Jerman karena jumlah akademisi dan pebisnis terus meningkat di atas rata-rata.
Kata kunci : Jerman, Perkembangan Islam, Perang Dunia II
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