Strategic Planning in Islamic Philanthropic Institutions: A Classical-Contemporary Analytical Approach

Abstract

Islamic philanthropic institutions have long played a pivotal role in fostering social equity and economic justice through instruments such as zakāt, ṣadaqah, and waqf. However, the effectiveness and sustainability of these institutions are increasingly challenged by modern administrative demands, shifting donor expectations, and regulatory complexity. In this context, the strategic planning of Islamic philanthropic bodies becomes a critical concern, requiring both classical ethical frameworks and contemporary organizational tools. This study aims to explore the strategic planning processes of Islamic philanthropic institutions, drawing from both classical Islamic jurisprudence and modern strategic management theories. The research seeks to uncover how these institutions can reconcile religious objectives with institutional performance to enhance social impact. It also investigates the degree to which current planning practices are informed by Islamic epistemological values such as maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Employing a qualitative approach grounded in textual analysis, this paper analyzes data from Islamic classical literature, institutional documents, and peer-reviewed academic sources. Findings indicate that effective strategic planning must align with the core ethical purposes of Islamic giving while adopting structured planning models to navigate contemporary operational challenges. Historical insights from figures like al-Ghazālī and Ibn Khaldūn enrich this perspective. This study contributes to the evolving discourse on Islamic philanthropy by proposing a dual-framework model that integrates normative Islamic principles with strategic planning methodologies. The implications are significant for policymakers, philanthropic managers, and scholars seeking to optimize institutional governance while maintaining religious authenticity.