Poverty and Crime: A Thematic Review from a Sustainable Development Goals Perspective

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between poverty and crime through the lens of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on Goals 1 (No Poverty) and 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Utilizing a qualitative approach grounded in thematic and document analysis, the research synthesizes insights from criminological theories—such as social disorganization, strain, and institutional anomie—with policy frameworks aimed at sustainable development. Findings indicate that structural poverty fuels criminal behavior by eroding social control, reducing access to opportunity, and weakening institutional trust. Furthermore, institutional fragility mediates this relationship by obstructing equitable justice and services. The study proposes a conceptual model integrating SDG policy with crime prevention strategies, highlighting the importance of inclusive institutions, community development, and social equity. By bridging development theory and criminology, this research offers practical and theoretical contributions toward achieving holistic development outcomes and reducing crime as part of the global SDG agenda.