Strengthening Smallholder Empowerment in the Early Years of SDG 2: Challenges and Strategies

Abstract

This study explores the empowerment of smallholder farmers within the framework of the Zero Hunger Agenda (SDG 2), focusing on the challenges and strategic dynamics during the initial years of implementation. Using a qualitative, document-based methodology grounded in the Sustainable Liveli-hoods and capabilities approaches, the research examines global and national policies, institutional practices, and contextual barriers shaping empowerment outcomes. Findings reveal a disconnect between international goals and local realities, with land tenure insecurity, fragmented governance, and social exclusion as major impediments. While some participatory and cooperative initiatives showed promise, their impact was often constrained by weak institutional support. The study advocates for inclusive policy frameworks emphasizing decentralized governance, farmer agency, and knowledge co-production. It offers theoretical insights and practical recommendations to realign empowerment strategies with the lived experiences of smallholders, thereby advancing progress toward SDG 2.