Infrastructure and Learning in Indonesia: School Facility Impacts on Student Health and Comfort

Abstract

This study investigates how the availability of basic school facilities—such as sanitation, water access, and classroom conditions—affects student health and learning comfort in Indonesia. Drawing upon qualitative data from academic sources, government reports, and institutional evaluations, the research employs an ecological and rights-based framework to explore how poor infrastructure contributes to illness, absenteeism, discomfort, and diminished academic engagement. Findings reveal that sanitation deficits lead to health risks and irregular attendance, while inadequate ventilation and lighting negatively influence concentration and motivation. Furthermore, unsafe and overcrowded classrooms reduce student performance and perpetuate educational inequities. By situating these findings within the Human Capital and Capability approaches, the study emphasizes the necessity of infrastructural investment in achieving inclusive and equitable education. The research offers actionable insights for policymakers, highlighting the need for sustained infrastructure development as a foundation for educational quality, particularly in under-resourced and rural regions.