The Roots of Violence in the Rivalry between Football Club Fans and Supporters Using the ABC Triangle Theory of Johan Galtung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jt.v5i2.21200Keywords:
self-awareness, types of violence, social mob, social order, solidarityAbstract
Sport is universal, loved by many people in almost all countries worldwide. As a sport that can be played by many people from all walks of life, football has the potential to be a sport capable of bringing about a spirit of unity and solidarity in a society. However, football can sometimes spark conflict and violence. Excessive football enthusiasm can lead football fans and supporters to become anarchistic and assault individuals who support other teams. This can result in material damages, injuries, and even the loss of life. This essay will examine football fanaticism and football fan violence. Using the ABC conflict triangle theory introduced by Johan Galtung, researchers will analyze how attitudes, behaviors, and contradictions that fans and supporters of football clubs own can trigger football fanaticism and violence. The researchers concluded that these three factors played a role in the outbreak of violence, coupled with other factors such as educational level and socio-economic conditions. The researcher believes that the government, through football organizations, can play a role in suppressing football fanaticism and preventing violence from occurring before, during and after football matches are held. As the core and main part of football, fans and supporters of football clubs must be self-aware and try to be more rational, calm, and not easily provoked to make football a sport that truly unites and is full of solidarity.References
Alam, B. (2022). Korban Meninggal Tragedi Kanjuruhan Bertambah jadi 135 Orang. Merdeka, 25 October 2022. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/korban-meninggal-tragedi-kanjuruhan-bertambah-jadi-135-orang.html
Anwar, R. K., Sjoraida, D. F., & Rahman, M. T. (2019). Socializing fragrant river program as a strategy for introducing environmental literacy to the upper citarum community. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(3), 597–612. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v10.3(35).14
Baić, V., Ivanović, Z., & Popović, S. (2017). Socio-demographic characteristics of violent fan groups at football matches. Acta Kinesiologica, 11(1), 37–43.
Bidhuri, R. P., & Gupta, M. (2017). Incompetence of Police in Maintaining Law and Order: A Critical View Point. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, 3(2), 137.
Brosnan, M. (2015). Social media and a new wave of football hooliganism. Back Page Football. https://backpagefootball.com/social-media-new-wave-football-hooliganism/97197/
Campbell, D. (2000). Neo-Nazi hooligans target black football stars. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/nov/26/race.football
Collett, M. (2007). Soccer-UEFA report severely reprimands Liverpool fans. Reuters.
Day, A. (2019). What Happened At Hillsborough? How The Disaster Unfolded. Huffington Post, 25 October 2022.
Duerden, J. (2022). Stadium tragedy exposes Indonesia’s troubled soccer history. The Associated Press, 25 October 2022. https://apnews.com/article/soccer-sports-indonesia-international-joko-widodo-b269c6e67570803410bc31ba062e2429
Galtung, J. (2009). Theories of conflict: Definitions, dimensions, negations, formations. Hawai: University of Hawai.
Haq, M. Z. (2021). Hate Studies: The Urgency and Its Developments in the Perspective of Religious Studies. Jurnal Aristo (Social, Politic, Humaniora), 9(2), 375–395.
Haq, M. Z., & Sen, H. (2021). Transforming Hate into Compassion as an Islamic Nonviolent Thought of Bediüzzaman Said Nursi. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 6(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v6i1.13159
Hastanto, I. (2022). Secercah Cahaya usai Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Berbagai Kelompok Suporter Mulai Berdamai. Vice. https://www.vice.com/id/article/pkgqnv/kelompok-suporter-brajamusti-pasoepati-jakmania-viking-bonek-sepakat-berdamai-selepas-tragedi-kanjuruhan
Hutton, A. (2022). An expert explains what led to the soccer stampede at Kanjuruhan stadium. The Jakarta Post, 25 October 2022. http://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/10/06/an-expert-explains-what-led-to-the-soccer-stampede-in-kanjuruhan.html
Imanuddin, A. (2022). Fanatisme Fans Sepak Bola: Aremania hingga Bonek dalam Liga Indonesia, Siapa Tertua? Tempo.Com, 25 October 2022. https://bola.tempo.co/read/1644427/fanatisme-fans-sepak-bola-aremania-hingga-bonek-dalam-liga-indonesia-siapa-tertua
Ingle, S., & Hodgkinson, M. (2001). When did football hooliganism start. The Guardian, 13.
King, A. (1995). Outline of a practical theory of football violence. Sociology, 29(4), 635–651.
King, A. (1997). The postmodernity of football hooliganism. British Journal of Sociology, 576–593.
Lewis, P. (2021). Black History Month: racism in football. House of Lords Library, UK Parliament, 25 October 2022.
McLeod, S. (2018). Attitudes and Behavior. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/attitudes.html
Moorhouse, H. F. (2006). Football hooliganism and the modern world. International Review of Modern Sociology, 257–275.
Mullen, T. (2015). Heysel disaster: English football’s forgotten tragedy? BBC. Com, 29.
Navarro, J. I., Marchena, E., & Menacho, I. (2013). The psychology of hatred. The Open Criminology Journal, 6(1).
Ostrowsky, M. K. (2018). Sports fans, alcohol use, and violent behavior: A sociological review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(4), 406–419.
Plenderleith, I. (2017). The five ages of being a football fan. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/football/when-saturday-comes-blog/2017/apr/26/five-ages-being-football-fan-non-league-supporter
Saputra, E. (2022). Ini Cerita Awal Mula Fanatisme dan Rivalitas antara Persib vs Persija Terbentuk. Tribunnews.Com. https://belitung.tribunnews.com/2018/09/25/ini-cerita-awal-mula-fanatisme-dan-rivalitas-antara-persib-vs-persija-terbentuk
Suryana, A. (2022). Indonesia’s Kanjuruhan Stadium Tragedy: A Serious Wake-up Call. Fulcrum, 25 October 2022. https://fulcrum.sg/indonesias-kanjuruhan-stadium-tragedy/
Wibisono, M. Y., Truna, D. S., & Rahman, M. T. (2021). Turning religion from cause to reducer of panic during the COVID-19 pandemic. HTS Theological Studies, 77(4), 1–8.
Widianto, S. (2022). Indonesia to demolish soccer stadium where stampede killed over 130. Reuters, 25 October 2022. https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/fifa-head-indonesia-president-vow-improve-safety-after-fatal-stampede-2022-10-18/
Zaqi, A. (2020). Muhammad Ismu Johan: Jadi Capo Harus Kreatif Saat Memimpin Suporter. Dbl.Id, 25 October 2022. https://www.dbl.id/r/4971/muhammad-ismu-johan-jadi-capo-harus-kreatif-saat-memimpin-suporter
Ziaulhaq, M. (2021). Hate Studies: The Urgency and Its Developments in the Perspective of Religious Studies. Jurnal Aristo (Social, Politic, Humaniora), 9(2), 375–395.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in Temali: Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).