The Roots of Violence in the Rivalry between Football Club Fans and Supporters Using the ABC Triangle Theory of Johan Galtung


Mochamad Ziaul Haq(1*), Andhika Yudhistira(2)

(1) Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Sport is universal, loved by many people in almost all countries worldwide. As a sport that can be played by many people from all walks of life, football has the potential to be a sport capable of bringing about a spirit of unity and solidarity in a society. However, football can sometimes spark conflict and violence. Excessive football enthusiasm can lead football fans and supporters to become anarchistic and assault individuals who support other teams. This can result in material damages, injuries, and even the loss of life. This essay will examine football fanaticism and football fan violence. Using the ABC conflict triangle theory introduced by Johan Galtung, researchers will analyze how attitudes, behaviors, and contradictions that fans and supporters of football clubs own can trigger football fanaticism and violence. The researchers concluded that these three factors played a role in the outbreak of violence, coupled with other factors such as educational level and socio-economic conditions. The researcher believes that the government, through football organizations, can play a role in suppressing football fanaticism and preventing violence from occurring before, during and after football matches are held. As the core and main part of football, fans and supporters of football clubs must be self-aware and try to be more rational, calm, and not easily provoked to make football a sport that truly unites and is full of solidarity.

Keywords


self-awareness; types of violence; social mob; social order; solidarity

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alam, B. (2022). Korban Meninggal Tragedi Kanjuruhan Bertambah jadi 135 Orang. Merdeka, 25 October 2022. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/korban-meninggal-tragedi-kanjuruhan-bertambah-jadi-135-orang.html

Anwar, R. K., Sjoraida, D. F., & Rahman, M. T. (2019). Socializing fragrant river program as a strategy for introducing environmental literacy to the upper citarum community. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 10(3), 597–612. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v10.3(35).14

Baić, V., Ivanović, Z., & Popović, S. (2017). Socio-demographic characteristics of violent fan groups at football matches. Acta Kinesiologica, 11(1), 37–43.

Bidhuri, R. P., & Gupta, M. (2017). Incompetence of Police in Maintaining Law and Order: A Critical View Point. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, 3(2), 137.

Brosnan, M. (2015). Social media and a new wave of football hooliganism. Back Page Football. https://backpagefootball.com/social-media-new-wave-football-hooliganism/97197/

Campbell, D. (2000). Neo-Nazi hooligans target black football stars. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/nov/26/race.football

Collett, M. (2007). Soccer-UEFA report severely reprimands Liverpool fans. Reuters.

Day, A. (2019). What Happened At Hillsborough? How The Disaster Unfolded. Huffington Post, 25 October 2022.

Duerden, J. (2022). Stadium tragedy exposes Indonesia’s troubled soccer history. The Associated Press, 25 October 2022. https://apnews.com/article/soccer-sports-indonesia-international-joko-widodo-b269c6e67570803410bc31ba062e2429

Galtung, J. (2009). Theories of conflict: Definitions, dimensions, negations, formations. Hawai: University of Hawai.

Haq, M. Z. (2021). Hate Studies: The Urgency and Its Developments in the Perspective of Religious Studies. Jurnal Aristo (Social, Politic, Humaniora), 9(2), 375–395.

Haq, M. Z., & Sen, H. (2021). Transforming Hate into Compassion as an Islamic Nonviolent Thought of Bediüzzaman Said Nursi. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 6(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v6i1.13159

Hastanto, I. (2022). Secercah Cahaya usai Tragedi Kanjuruhan: Berbagai Kelompok Suporter Mulai Berdamai. Vice. https://www.vice.com/id/article/pkgqnv/kelompok-suporter-brajamusti-pasoepati-jakmania-viking-bonek-sepakat-berdamai-selepas-tragedi-kanjuruhan

Hutton, A. (2022). An expert explains what led to the soccer stampede at Kanjuruhan stadium. The Jakarta Post, 25 October 2022. http://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2022/10/06/an-expert-explains-what-led-to-the-soccer-stampede-in-kanjuruhan.html

Imanuddin, A. (2022). Fanatisme Fans Sepak Bola: Aremania hingga Bonek dalam Liga Indonesia, Siapa Tertua? Tempo.Com, 25 October 2022. https://bola.tempo.co/read/1644427/fanatisme-fans-sepak-bola-aremania-hingga-bonek-dalam-liga-indonesia-siapa-tertua

Ingle, S., & Hodgkinson, M. (2001). When did football hooliganism start. The Guardian, 13.

King, A. (1995). Outline of a practical theory of football violence. Sociology, 29(4), 635–651.

King, A. (1997). The postmodernity of football hooliganism. British Journal of Sociology, 576–593.

Lewis, P. (2021). Black History Month: racism in football. House of Lords Library, UK Parliament, 25 October 2022.

McLeod, S. (2018). Attitudes and Behavior. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/attitudes.html

Moorhouse, H. F. (2006). Football hooliganism and the modern world. International Review of Modern Sociology, 257–275.

Mullen, T. (2015). Heysel disaster: English football’s forgotten tragedy? BBC. Com, 29.

Navarro, J. I., Marchena, E., & Menacho, I. (2013). The psychology of hatred. The Open Criminology Journal, 6(1).

Ostrowsky, M. K. (2018). Sports fans, alcohol use, and violent behavior: A sociological review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(4), 406–419.

Plenderleith, I. (2017). The five ages of being a football fan. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/football/when-saturday-comes-blog/2017/apr/26/five-ages-being-football-fan-non-league-supporter

Saputra, E. (2022). Ini Cerita Awal Mula Fanatisme dan Rivalitas antara Persib vs Persija Terbentuk. Tribunnews.Com. https://belitung.tribunnews.com/2018/09/25/ini-cerita-awal-mula-fanatisme-dan-rivalitas-antara-persib-vs-persija-terbentuk

Suryana, A. (2022). Indonesia’s Kanjuruhan Stadium Tragedy: A Serious Wake-up Call. Fulcrum, 25 October 2022. https://fulcrum.sg/indonesias-kanjuruhan-stadium-tragedy/

Wibisono, M. Y., Truna, D. S., & Rahman, M. T. (2021). Turning religion from cause to reducer of panic during the COVID-19 pandemic. HTS Theological Studies, 77(4), 1–8.

Widianto, S. (2022). Indonesia to demolish soccer stadium where stampede killed over 130. Reuters, 25 October 2022. https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/fifa-head-indonesia-president-vow-improve-safety-after-fatal-stampede-2022-10-18/

Zaqi, A. (2020). Muhammad Ismu Johan: Jadi Capo Harus Kreatif Saat Memimpin Suporter. Dbl.Id, 25 October 2022. https://www.dbl.id/r/4971/muhammad-ismu-johan-jadi-capo-harus-kreatif-saat-memimpin-suporter

Ziaulhaq, M. (2021). Hate Studies: The Urgency and Its Developments in the Perspective of Religious Studies. Jurnal Aristo (Social, Politic, Humaniora), 9(2), 375–395.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/jt.v5i2.21200

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats

________________________________________________________________________

E - ISSN : 2615-5028


TEMALI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.>

 

Published by : Prodi Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Sponsored by : Ikatan Sosiologi Indonesia (ISI)

 

Flag Counter