Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Periode Penyemprotan Fe Melalui Daun Terhadap Hasil dan Mutu Benih Padi Ciherang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/j.agro.55736Keywords:
Biofortifikasi agronomis, FeSO4.7H2O, mutu benih, padi Ciherang, penyemprotan daunAbstract
Rice is the main staple food in Indonesia; therefore, improving yield and seed quality is essential. Agronomic biofortification through foliar application of iron (Fe) is one approach to enhance Fe availability and support the development of high-quality seeds. This study aimed to determine the effects of FeSO₄·7H₂O concentration, foliar application period, and their interaction on the yield and seed quality of Ciherang rice. The experiment used a randomized complete block design in a 3×2 factorial arrangement, consisting of FeSO₄·7H₂O concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5%) and two spraying periods (twice and four times). Results indicated that Fe concentration significantly affected the growth, yield, and seed quality of Ciherang variety. The spraying period significantly affected the number of filled grains per panicle, total grains per panicle, percentage of filled grains, percentage of unfilled grains, and seed quality. The interaction between both factors significantly affected the number and percentage of filled grains as well as the number of unfilled grains. Four-time spraying during critical growth stages produced the highest number of filled spikelets, particularly at a concentration of 0.5%. Foliar FeSO₄·7H₂O treatment on the Ciherang variety increased the Fe content in rice compared to the average Fe content in the Ciherang variety.
Key words: Ciherang rice, FeSO4.7H2O, foliar spraying, agronomic biofortification, seed quality
ABSTRAK
Padi merupakan sumber pangan utama di Indonesia sehingga peningkatan hasil dan mutu benih penting dilakukan. Biofortifikasi agronomis melalui penyemprotan Fe menjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan Fe serta mendukung pembentukan benih yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi FeSO₄·7H₂O, periode penyemprotan, dan interaksinya terhadap hasil dan mutu benih padi varietas Ciherang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial 3×2 dengan konsentrasi FeSO₄·7H₂O (0,1; 0,3; 0,5%) dan dua periode penyemprotan (dua dan empat kali). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Fe mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, hasil, dan mutu benih padi varietas Ciherang. Periode penyemprotan berpengaruh pada jumlah gabah isi per malai, jumlah gabah total per malai, persentase gabah isi, dan persentase gabah hampa, serta mutu benih. Interaksi keduanya berpengaruh terhadap jumlah dan persentase gabah isi serta jumlah gabah hampa. Penyemprotan empat kali pada fase kritis memberikan hasil gabah isi tertinggi, terutama pada konsentrasi 0,5%. Perlakuan penyemprotan FeSO₄·7H₂O pada varietas Ciherang dapat meningkatkan kandungan Fe pada beras dibandingkan dengan kandungan Fe rata-rata pada varietas Ciherang.
Kata kunci: biofortifikasi agronomis, FeSO4.7H2O, mutu benih, padi Ciherang, penyemprotan daun,
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