Food Taboos and Cultural Identity in Cireundeu Traditional Village: Balancing Food Security and Cultural Resilience


Putri Anditasari(1*), Rika Dilawati(2), Farhan Agung Ahmadi(3), Hendrawangsyah Hendrawangsyah(4)

(1) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
(2) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
(3) UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(4) Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Malaysia, Malaysia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis fenomena tabu memakan nasi beras yang dipegang teguh oleh masyarakat adat Cireundeu, Jawa Barat. Dengan berbasis pada wawancara mendalam dengan anggota masyarakat dan tokoh kunci, penelitian ini menggali akar sejarah, faktor kepercayaan keagamaan, pertimbangan ekologis, dan dampak melanggar tabu makanan dalam konteks budaya dan spiritual masyarakat tersebut. Sejarah tabu ini berkaitan dengan tahun 1918, ketika Cireundeu mengalami masa sulit dan kepala desa mengambil keputusan radikal untuk beralih dari nasi beras ke singkong sebagai respons terhadap paceklik dan kesulitan mendapatkan beras. Keputusan ini diilhami oleh petuah dari masyarakat Pajajaran, menciptakan tradisi yang dipegang kuat hingga saat ini. Kepercayaan keagamaan, terutama ajaran Sunda Wiwitan, memainkan peran sentral dalam menentukan tabu ini. Pengikut ajaran ini diwajibkan untuk mengonsumsi non-beras, dan keputusan masyarakat Cireundeu untuk memilih singkong sebagai makanan pokok dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai spiritual, kehormatan terhadap alam, dan pemeliharaan keaslian budaya lokal. Pertimbangan ekologis juga muncul dalam keputusan ini, dengan kekhawatiran akan ketersediaan beras di masa depan. Masyarakat Cireundeu merenungkan situasi ironis di mana masyarakat lain mengalami kesulitan mendapatkan bantuan pangan. Dampak melanggar tabu makanan, baik dari segi sosial, kesehatan fisik, maupun batin, ditemukan melalui wawancara dengan anggota masyarakat. Kesejahteraan hidup dan keberlanjutan tradisi dianggap sebagai hasil dari patuh terhadap aturan leluhur. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tabu memakan nasi di masyarakat adat Cireundeu bukan sekadar norma makanan, tetapi mencerminkan identitas budaya, spiritualitas, dan upaya untuk mencapai keseimbangan dengan alam. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan wawasan lebih lanjut tentang kompleksitas nilai dan norma yang membentuk kebiasaan makan dalam suatu masyarakat

Keywords


Tabu makanan, ketahanan pangan, masyarakat adat, budaya, Jawa Barat, Cireundeu

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v8i1.30830

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