Spiritual Travel to Baitullah: Individual Piety in Global Capitalism


Dwi Santoso Ali Basyah(1), Zuly Qodir(2*)

(1) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The purpose of this paper explains critically related to one's journey to perform Hajj and Umrah (pilgrimage) concerning individual piety in the crowd (globalization and capitalization) of religious rituals. Hajj and Umrah are not only spiritual journeys that have personal ethical values. Hajj and Umrah can educate someone to be patient, calm, and more submissive to God. Hajj and Umrah also teach the perpetrators to be generous, have social sensitivity, and care with fellow human beings. The writing method in this paper is ethnographic-sociological. This paper's data is based on literature, observations, and interviews with pilgrims and Umrah from Indonesia in 2014 and 2018. This paper finds that the Hajj and Umrah are also closely related to the political economy problems administered by the state and the private sector, in addition to educating the perpetrators to be pious. Hajj and Umrah can thus be said to have two sides at once, namely individual piety and social class.

Keywords


pilgrimage; pilgrim; piety; capitalization; spiritual

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdurrahman, M. (2009). Bersujud di Baitullah: Ibadah Haji, Mencari Kesalehan Hidup. Jakarta: Kompas.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018). Jumlah Jamaah Haji Indonesia 2011-2018. In Statistika. Jakarta.

Bianchi, R. R., Bianchi, R. R., & Robert, R. (2004). Guests of God: Pilgrimage and politics in the Islamic world. New York: Oxford University Press.

Darmadi, D. (2013). Hak Angket Haji: Pilgrimage and the cultural politics of Hajj organization in contemporary Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 20(3), 443–466.

Donnan, H. (1989). Symbol and Status: The Significance of the Hajj in Pakistan. The Muslim World, 79(3‐4), 205–216.

Ebrahim, S. H., & Memish, Z. A. (2020). COVID-19 – the role of mass gatherings. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 34, 101617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101617

Feener, M., & Gade, A. M. (1998). Patterns of Islamization in Indonesia: A Curriculum Unit for Post-Secondary Level Educators. New York: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Outreach Office.

Hasan, N. (2009). The making of public Islam: piety, agency, and commodification on the landscape of the Indonesian public sphere. Contemporary Islam, 3(3), 229–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-009-0096-9

Hefner, R. W. (2000). Civil Islam: Muslims and democratization in Indonesia. Pricenton: Pricenton University.

Hendrickson, J. (2016). Prohibiting the Pilgrimage: Politics and Fiction in Mālikī Fatwās. Islamic Law and Society, 23(3), 161–238.

Hidayat, K. (2009). The Enchanting City of Mecca," in Mecca: The Holy City, Power, and Example of Ibrahim (Z. Misrawi, Ed.). Jakarta: Kompas.

Hidayat, K. (2014). Nyantri ke Turki. In M. T. Kusuma (Ed.), Ketika Makkah menjadi seperti las Vegas: Agama, Politik dan Ideologi. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Ichwan, M. N. (2008). Governing Hajj: Politics of Islamic Pilgrimage Services in Indonesia Prior to Reformasi Era. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 46(1), 125–151.

Jati, W. R. (2017). Politik Kelas Menengah Muslim Indonesia. Depok: LP3ES.

Kersten, C. (2015). Islamic post-traditionalism: Postcolonial and postmodern religious discourse in Indonesia. Sophia, 54(4), 473–489.

Kitiarsa, P. (2008). Religious Commododifications in Asia: Marketing Gods. USA and Canada: Routledge.

Kremer, M. (2009). Estimating The Impact of The Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam’s Global Gathering David Clingingsmith Asim Ijaz Khwaja. Technology, 1133.

Kusuma, M. T. (2014). Ketika Makkah Menjadi Seperti Las Vegas: Agama, Politik, dan Ideologi. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Madjid, N., & Hidayat, K. (1997). Perjalanan religius’ umrah dan haji’. Jakarta: Paramadina.

Mahmood, S. (2005). Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and The Feminist Subject. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Makin, A. (2017). God between Urge and Crowd: Commodification of the Spirituality of Makkah in the Era of Capitalization. Epistemé: Journal of Development of Islamic Science, 12(1), 1–28.

Malik, N. T. M. M. T. (2015). Impact of Hajj on Muslims with special reference to Pakistan. Al-Idah, 30(1), 93–102.

McLoughlin, S. (2009). Contesting Muslim Pilgrimage: British-Pakistani Identities, Sacred Journeys to Makkah and Madinah and the Global Postmodern. The Pakistani Diaspora, 233–265.

McLoughlin, S. (2013). The cultural and political economy of Hajj-going from late modern Britain: glocal pilgrim markets and their governance. Leeds: University of Leeds.

McLoughlin, S. M. (2013). Organizing Hajj-Going from contemporary Britain: a changing industry, pilgrim markets and the politics of recognition. In V. Porter & L. Saif (Eds.), The Hajj : collected essays. London: British Museum Press.

Mela, K., Jyothi, M., Ijtema, B., Nazarene, B., & Ijtema, R. T. (2020). Religious tourism and mass religious gatherings—the potential link in the spread of COVID-19. Current perspective and future implications. Travel Med Infect Dis, 36, 101786.

Memish, Z. A., Stephens, G. M., Steffen, R., & Ahmed, Q. A. (2012). Emergence of medicine for mass gatherings: lessons from the Hajj. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70337-1

Misrawi, Z. (2009a). Madinah: kota suci, piagam Madinah, dan teladan Muhammad SAW. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas.

Misrawi, Z. (2009b). Mekkah: kota suci, kekuasaan, dan teladan Ibrahim. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas.

Musavi, S. S. (2016). Muqaddas Ardabili: Role Model of Piety. Spiritual Quest Winter and Spring, 6(1).

Qodir, Z., Nashir, H., & Jubba, H. (2019). Forming Muslim Middle Class’ Piety and Identity InYogyakarta. Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019–Humanity, Education and Social Sciences (IcoSIHESS 2019). Atlantis Press.

Renard, J. (2008). Friends of God: Islamic images of piety, commitment, and servanthood. London: Univ of California Press.

Rudnyckyj, D. (2009). Spiritual economies: Islam and neoliberalism in contemporary Indonesia. Cultural Anthropology, 24(1), 104–141.

Salma, A. N. (2019). Politics or Piety? Understanding Public Piety and Political Expressions of Indonesian Muslim in Online Sphere. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 13(2), 235–256.

Shari’ati, A. (1983). Hajj (A. Mahayuddin, Ed.). Bandung: Reader.

Suib, F. H. B. (2018). Integrating Ethical and Islamic Spirituality Values in Improving Malaysian Umrah Service Quality. Universiti Putra Malaysia.

Thoriquttyas, T. (2018). Islamic Tourism Of Hajj: The Transformation Of Social And Religious Virtuous. Malang.

van Bruinessen, M. M. (2018). Indonesian Muslims in a Globalising World: Westernisation, Arabisation and Indigenising Responses. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies.

Zulfa, M. (2015). Multidimensional phenomena of Hajj: study of Javanese pilgrims. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 5(1), 135–162.

Zwissler, L. (2007). Spiritual, But Religious: ‘Spirituality’among religiously motivated feminist activists. Culture and Religion, 8(1), 51–69.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v4i3.9592

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Dwi Santoso, Zuly Qodir

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Department of Religious Studies Faculty of Ushuluddin Building 3rd Floor

Jl. Raya A.H. Nasution No. 105 Bandung, 40614,

Tel: (022) 7802275

Fax: (022) 780-3936

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya is Indexed By:

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journal) Dimensions Moraref Crossref SINTA Portal Garuda Google Scholar

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lihat Statistik Religious View MyStat

 

Lisensi Creative Commons

This work is licensed under Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International