The Rise and Fall of Sunni-Shia Relations in Indonesia: The in-Between Theology, Political-Economics, and Da’wah

Authors

  • Azis Asmana UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Wijdan Khoirul Mubtadi Mubarok Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v18i2.40878

Keywords:

Relationship-dynamics, shia, sunni.

Abstract

This study discusses the dynamics of the relationship between Sunnis and Shiites in Indonesia, which are sometimes tense, but generally harmonious. This study is qualitative-research using a literature review method. To sharpen the analysis of the discussion of the dynamics of Sunnis-Shiites, interdisciplinary research is used in the study of religions. The results of this study indicate that the main factor causing tension between Shiites vis-à-vis Sunnis is due to the doctrine of the Imamate which is the belief of the Shiites themselves. This doctrinal difference is what gives rise to other elementary factors such as politics and economics. That the elements of doctrine, politics and economics make the relationship between Sunnis and Shiites in Indonesia even more complicated. The three are intertwined in such a way that the Sunni-Shiite conflict develops in various regions of Indonesia. However, this study also shows a relatively harmonious relationship process between Sunnis and Shiites in various regions of Indonesia. The harmonization process between the two camps with different ideologies occurs at the grassroots level. This study recommends the process of strengthening cultural da'wah as one of the harmonization strategies among religious communities in Indonesia.

References

Abidin, A. Z., Fuadi, I., Kholis, N., & Aziz, T. (t.thn.). Between Conflict and Peace: The Government Policies and Sunni-Shia Relationship in Sampang and Yogyakarta, Esensia, 21(2), 135-150. Doi: https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v21i2.2243.

Aceh, A. B. (1965). Perbandingan Madhab Syiah, Rasionalism dalam Islam. Jakarta: Jahasan Lembaga Penjelidikan Islam.

Ahmad, M. K., & Shodiq, A. F. (2019, Desember). Konflik Sunni-Syi’ah di Indonesia Kontemporer: Polarisasi, Diskriminasi dan Kekerasan Agama, Islamika Inside: Jurnal Keislaman dan Humaniora, 5(2), 208-237. Doi: https://doi.org/10.35719/islamikainside.v5i2.107.

Amaliyah, E. I. (2015). Harmoni di Banjaran: Interaksi Sunni-Syiah, Harmoni: Jurnal Multikultural dan Multireligius, 14(2), 81-96.

Al-Ghita', M. H.-K. (1957). Ashl al-Syiah wa Ushuluha. Kairo: Maktabah al-Arabiyah.

Anang, A. A., & Husein, A. (2020, Desember). Genealogi Aliran-aliran Politik dalam Islam, Fajar Historia, 4(2), 71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29408/fhs.v4i2.2592.

Asadi, M. J. (2021). The Bases for the Formation and Growth of Shiism from the Past to the Present in Indonesia, Kom, 10(3), 19-38. Doi: 10.5937/kom2203019A.

Burke, P. (1993). History and Social Theory. Itacha, New York: Cornell University Press.

Conflict, I. f. (2016). The Anti-Shi’a Movement in Indonesia. Jakarta: IPAC.

Enayat, H. (2011). Modern Islamic Political Thought. London: The McMillan Press.

Fauzan, P. I., & Fata, A. K. (2018, Juni ). Model Penerapan Syariah di Negara Modern: Studi Kasus Arab Saudi, Iran, Turki, dan Indonesia, Al-Manahij Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 9(1), 51-70.

Fazlhashemi, m. (2021). “ImÄmiyya ShÄ«Ê¿a (The Twelvers),†in Muhammad Afzal Upal and Carole M. Cusack (Eds.). Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements, 181.

Feener, R. M., & Formichi, C. (2015). Shi’ism in Southeast Asia: ‘Alid Piety and Sectarian Constructions. London: Oxford University Press.

Hamdi, A. Z. (2014). Klaim Religious Authority dalam Konflik Sunni-Syi‘i Sampang Madura, Klaim Religious Authority dalam Konflik Sunni-Syi‘i Sampang Maduraâ€, Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 6(2), 215-232. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2012.6.2.215-231.

Hilmy, M. (2015). The Political Economy of Sunni-Shiah Conflict in Sampang Madura, Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 53(1), 27-51. Doi: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.531.27-51

Holtmann, p. (2014, February). A Primer to the Sunni-Shia Conflict, Perspectives on Terrorism, 8(1), 142-145. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26297127.

Jamaruddin, A. (2020, Maret). Designing Meeting Point Syiah-Sunni in Indonesia, Khatulistiwa: Journal of Islamic Studies, 10(1), 23-42. Doi: 10.24260/khatulistiwa.v10i1.1608.

Kayane, Y. (2020). Understanding Sunni-Shi’a Sectarianism in Contemporary Indonesia: A Different Voice from Nahdlatul Ulama under Pluralist Leadership, Indonesia and the Malay World, 78-96. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2020.16575277.

Latif, Y. (2004). The Muslim Intelligentsia of Indonesia: A Genealogy of its Emergence in the 20 Century. Canberra: Australian National University.

Makin, A. (2017). Homogenizing Indonesian Islam: Persecution of the Shia Group in Yogyakarta, Studia Islamika, 24(1), 1-32. Doi: 10.15408/sdi.v24i1.3354.

Maola, M. (2020). Arab Spring and the Emergence of Anti-Shia Movement in Indonesia, Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities, 5(2), 119-129. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jish.v5i2.7481.

Menchik, j. (2016). Islam and Democracy in Indonesia: Tolerance without Liberalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Najafabadi, A. H. (2010). Imamate and Leadership: The Case of the Shi’a Fundamentalists in Modern Iran, Canadian Social Science, 6(6), 192-205. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.css.1923669720100606.023.

Richard, Y. (1995). Shi’ite Islam: Polity, Ideology, and Creed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.

Saefudin, A., & Rohman, F. (2019, July-December). Building Social Harmony in The Jepara Shi'ite Minorities, Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies, 3(2), 176-204. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v3i2.5622.

Sopyan, I., Fauzan, P. I., & Fata, A. K. (2020, Desember). Religious Harmony, Godly Nationalism, and the Limits of State-Sponsored Interreligious Dialogue Agenda in Indonesia, Islamika Inside: Jurnal Keislaman dan Humaniora, 6(2), 31-53. Doi: https://doi.org/10.35719/islamikainside.v6i2.113.

Umar, A. R. (2016). A Genealogy of Moderate Islam: Governmentality and Discourses of Islam in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy, Studia Islamika: Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies, 23(3), 399-434. Doi: 10.15408/sdi.v23i3.3157.

Yasrebi, Y. (2008). Philosophy of the Imamat According to Mulla Sadra: An Analysis of the Personality and Attributes of the Imam in the Light of the Transcendent Theosophy, Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies, 1(1), 29-56. DOI:10.1353/isl.2022.a925780

Zuhri, A. M., & Wahyudi, W. E. (2021, October). Artikulasi Teologi Sunni di Indonesia: Sejarah, Ekspresi dan Gerakannya, Journal of Islamic Civilization, 3(2), 122-134. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33086/jic.v3i2.2593.

Zulkifli. (2015). The Struggle of the Shiism in Indonesia. Canberra: ANU Press.

Zulkifli. (2024). What Drives Anti-Shia Framing in Indonesia, Studia Islamika: Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies, 31(1), 1-30. Doi: https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v31i1.27713.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-30

How to Cite

Asmana, A., & Mubarok, W. K. M. (2024). The Rise and Fall of Sunni-Shia Relations in Indonesia: The in-Between Theology, Political-Economics, and Da’wah. Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies, 18(2), 303–318. https://doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v18i2.40878

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024): Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish articles in Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright of the article and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC-BY-SA or The Creative Commons AttributionShareAlike License.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.