KAJIAN HISTORIS MAQASHID SYARIAH SEBAGAI TEORI HUKUM ISLAM


Ahmad Farikhin(1*), Ahmad Hasan Ridwan(2), Heni Mulyasari(3)

(1) STIE Perbanas Jakarta, Indonesia
(2) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Abstract: The term maqashid was first proposed by al-Hakim al-Tirmidzy in the third century Hijiriyah, but has been conceptually invented and used since prophetic times with different terms. This study aims to find historical traces of maqashid sharia from original sources from time to time as sources of Islamic law after the Quran, Hadith, Ijma and Qiyas, which are discussed by contemporary scholars as solutions and breakthroughs in answering the legal vacuum caused by rapid changes. This research uses the istiqrai tahlili bayani method which focuses on tracing the traces of maqashid in Islamic scientific treasures. This research concludes that: First, maqashid sharia as a theory of Islamic law as it is known today by al-Juwaeny and elaborated by his disciple named al-Ghazaly later became a comprehensive scientific discipline by al-Syathiby in the eighth century Hijri; Secondly, the discussion of maqashid in this century has developed further with the addition of al-dharuriyat points according to the essential needs of contemporary Muslims such as guarding the people and the state not only sufficiently guarding al-dharuriyat but needing the development of al-dharuruyat points in order to support the progress of Muslims in various spheres of life; Third, maqashid sharia is the result of ijtihad that can change and develop according to the demands of progress as a solution that Islam can offer to the challenges of the times as initiated by Auda.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan jejak historis maqashid syariah dari sumber orisinal pada masa ke masa sebagai sumber hukum Islam setelah al-Quran, Hadits, Ijma dan Qiyas yang menjadi bahasan para cendikiawan kontemporer sebagai solusi dan terobosan dalam men­jawab kekosongan hukum akibat derasnya perubahan. Istilah maqashid pertama kali dikemukakan oleh al-Hakim al-Tirmidzy pada abad ketiga Hijiriyah, tetapi secara konseptual telah ditemukan dan digunakan sejak zaman kenabian dengan istilah yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode istiqrai tahlili bayani yang berfokus pada penelusuran jejak maqashid dalam khazanah keilmuwan Islam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: Pertama,  maqashid syariah sebagai teori hukum Islam seperti yang dikenal saat ini oleh al-Juwaeny dan dielaborasi oleh muridnya yang bernama al-Ghazaly kemudian menjadi disiplin ilmu pengetahuan secara komprehensip oleh al-Syathiby pada abad ke delapan Hijriyah; Kedua, pembahasan maqashid pada abad ini telah ber­kembang lebih jauh dengan adanya penambahan poin al-dharuriyat sesuai kebutuhan esensial umat Islam kontemporer seperti menjaga umat dan negara bahkan tidak hanya cukup menjaga al-dharuriyat namun perlu pengembangan poin-poin al-dharuruyat demi mendukung kemajuan umat Islam dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan; Ketiga, maqashid syariah merupakan hasil ijtihad yang bisa berubah dan berkembang sesuai tuntutan kemajuan sebagai solusi yang dapat ditawarkan Islam terhadap tantangan zaman seperti yang digagas oleh Auda.


Keywords


history; maqashid syariah; Islamic law theory.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdussalam, Izzuddin Abdul Aziz. Al-Qawaid Al-Kubra. Damaskus: Daar El-Qalam, 2000.

Abu Zahra, Muhammad. Ushul Al-Fiqh. Beirut: Daar el- Fikri el-Araby, 1985.

Al-Amidy, Ali Muhammad. Al-Ihkam Fii Ushul Al-Ahkam. Riyadh: Daar el Shami’ie, 2003.

al-Ghazaly. Hujjah Al-Islam Abu Hamid Muhammad Al-Mustashfa Min Ilmi Al-Ushul. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Ashriyah, 2015.

al-Ghazaly, Hujjah al-Islam Abu Hamid Muhammad. Al-Mustashfa Min Ilmi Al-Ushul. Beirut: al-Maktaba al-Ashriyah, 2015.

al-Ghazaly, Hujjah Islam Abu Hamid Muhammad. Syifa Al-Ghalil. Bagdad: al-Irsyad Press, 1971.

al-Juwaeny, Imam al-Haramain Abdul Malik. Al-Burhan Fii Ushul Al-Fiqh. Qatar: Qatar University, 1978.

Al-Qaradhawi, Yusuf. Al-Halalu Wa Al-Haramu Fii Al-Islam. 22nd ed. Cairo: Wahbah Publishing, 1997.

Al-Raisuni, Ahmad. Nadhariyat Al-Maqashid Inda Al-Imam Al-Syathiby. 4th ed. Beirut: The International Institute Of Islamic Thought, 1995.

Al-Razy, Fakhruddin Muhammad. Al-Mahshul Fii Ilmu Ushul Al-Fiqh. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 1992.

Al-Subky, Tajuddin Abdul Wahhab. Jam’u Al Jawami’. 2nd ed. Beirut: Daar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah, 2002.

Al-Syaukany, Muhammad Ali. Irsyad Al-Fuhul. Yaman: Daar el-Fadhila, n.d.

Al-Thufy, Sulaiman Abdul al-qawi. Al-Ta’yin Fii Syarh Al-Arabin. Makkah: Maktabah al-Makiyah, 1995.

al-Zarkasyi. Al-Bahru Al-Muhith Fii Ushul Al-Fiqh. Beirut: Daar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah, 2007.

Anas bin Malik. Al-Muwaththa. Beirut: daar el-Gharb el-islamy, 1997.

Asy-Syathibi, Ibrahim. Al-Muwafaqat Jilid I. Daar Ibnu Affan, 1997.

Auda, Jasser. Maqashid Al-Syariah As Philosophy of Islamic Law. The International Institute of Islamic Thought. London: The International Institute Of Islamic Thought, 2007.

Az-Zuhailiy, Wahbah. “Al-Wajiz Fi Ushul Al-Fiqh.” Damaskus: Daar el-Fikr, 1999.

Charles Rangkuti. “Implementasi Metode Bayani, Burhani, Tajribi Dan ’Irfani Dalam Studi Filsafat Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal WARAQAT 1, no. 2 (2016): 3. https://doi.org/10.51590/waraqat.v1i2.37.

El-Ubaedy, Hammady. “Al-Syathiby Wa Maqashid Al-Syariah.” Beirut: Daar el-Qataiba, 1992.

Enden Haetami. “Perkembangan Teori Mashlahah Izzu Al Din Bin Abdu Al Salam Dalam Sejarah Pemikiran Islam.” Asy-Syariah 17, no. 1 (2013): 3–16.

Fathi al-Darini. Al-Manahij Al-Ushuliyah Fii Al-Ijtihad Bi Al-Rakyi. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 2013.

Ghofar Shidiq. “Teori Maqashid Al-Syari’ah Dalam Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Sultan Agung XLIV, no. 118 (2009): 118.

Guesbaya, Radhia and Radad, Aberrahmane. “The Purpose of the Protection of Honor” 25 (2020): 97–134.

Hannani. “Analysis of Najmuddin Al Thufi ’ S Concept of The Supremacy of Maslahah Against The Postulates Of Islamic Law.” DIKTUM;Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum 19, no. 1 (2021): 75–85.

Hassabo Bashir Mohamed Ahmed Al Tayeb. “ْThe Foundation of Tofi Theory in The Interest” 4, no. 5 (2019): 454.

Ibnu Asyur, Muhammad Thahir. Maqashid AlSyariah Al-Islamiyah. Beirut: Daar al-Kotob al-Lubnany, 2011.

Ibnu Hajib, Jamaluddin Umar. Muntaha Al-Wushul. Beirut, 1985.

Ibnu Mandhur, Jamaluddin Muhammad. Lisan Al- Arab. Cairo: Daar al-Ma’arif, n.d.

Jazuli, Atjep. Fiqh Siyasah. 7th ed. Jakarta: Prenadamedia, 2018.

Khallaf, Abdul Wahab. Ilmu Ushul Fiqh. 20th ed. Beirut: Daar El-Qalam, 1986.

Khatib, Suansar. “Konsep Maqashid Al-Syariah: Perbandingan Antara Pemikiran Al-Ghazali Dan Al-Syatibi” 5, no. 1 (2018): 47–62.

Mashudi. “Metode Istiqra’ Dalam Penetapan Hukum Islam.” Isti’dal: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam 1, no. 1 (2014): 19. https://doi.org/10.34001/istidal.v1i1.311.

Mashuri, Ilham. “Pendekatan Sistem dalam Teori Hukum Islam (Perspektif Jasser Auda)” 05, no. 1 (2019): 11–28.

Muhammad Faisol. “Pendekatan Sistem Jasser Auda Terhadap Hukum Islam: Ke Arah Fiqh Post-Post Modernisme.” Jurnal Kalam 6, no. 1 (2012): 44. https://doi.org/10.24042/klm.v6i1.393.

Muhammad Roy Purwanto. Dekonstruksi Teori Hukum Islam. Yogyakarta: Kaukaba Dipantara, 2014.

Mutakin, Ali. “Teori Maqashid Al Syari’Ah Dan Hubungannya Dengan Metode Istinbath Hukum.” Kanun, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 19, no. 3 (2017): 547–70.

Nasrudin, N. “Kontribusi Ekonomi Syariah Dalam Pemulihan Ekonomi Indonesia Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Asy-Syari’ah 23, no. 2 (2021): 320. https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v23i2.15552.

Prihantoro Syukur. “Maqasid-Al-Syari’ah Dalam Pandangan Jasser Auda (Sebuah Upaya Rekonstruksi Hukum Islam Melalui Pendekatan Sistem).” Jurnal At-Takfir 10, no. 1 (2017): 122.

Rahmi, Nispan. “Maqasid Al Syari’ah: Melacak Gagasan Awal.” Syariah Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 17, no. 2 (2018): 160. https://doi.org/10.18592/sy.v17i2.1970.

Retna Gumanti. “Maqasid Al-Syariah Menurut Jasser Auda (Pendekatan Sistem Dalam Hukum Islam).” Jurnal Al-Himayah 2, no. 1 (2018): 97.

Ridlo, Rasyid. “Penerapan Epistemologi Bayani Dan Burhani Sebagai Metode Pembelajaran.” Manhajuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Pascasarjana STAI Syamsul ’Ulum Gunung Puyuh 01, no. 01 (2020): 19–37.

Rofiq, Nur, and M Zidny Nafi Hasbi. “A New Paradigm In Economy About Maqashid Al-Sharia Theory: Reformulation Of Ibn-Asyur.” PAMALI: Pattimura Magister Law Review 2, no. 1 (2022): 77. https://doi.org/10.47268/pamali.v2i1.817.

Sarifudin, Sarifudin. “Hukum Islam Progresif: Tawaran Teori Maslahat At-Thufi Sebagai Epistemologi Untuk Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika 3, no. 2 (2019): 135. https://doi.org/10.25072/jwy.v3i2.269.

Setyawan, R, and M T Kustiawan. “Najmuddīn Al-Tūfī’s Thoughts on The Dynamics of Inheritance Law 2: 1 Perspective of Maṣlaḥah.” Al-Hukama’: The Indonesian … 11 (2021).

Susilo, Edi. “Penyelesaian Problem Hukum Melalui Pendekatan Maqasid Shari’Ah.” Nizham Journal of Islamic Studies 8, no. 01 (2020): 30. https://doi.org/10.32332/nizham.v8i01.2091.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v24i2.19332

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Ahmad Farikhin, Ahmad Hasan Ridwan, Heni Mulyasari

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Asy-Syari'ah is Indexed By:

 

Lisensi Creative Commons

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.

 

View My Stats

scatter hitam

situs slot gacor 22crown slotserver kamboja

slot 4d