THE ROLE OF DIGITAL LITERACY AND PUBLIC EDUCATION IN COUNTERING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED POLITICAL DISINFORMATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jb.v3i2.56570Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Digital Literacy, Political Disinformation, Public Education.Abstract
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, such as deepfakes and algorithm-based narratives, has disrupted political communication and threatened the integrity of democracy. This qualitative research aims to explore in depth the role of digital literacy and public education as a public defense strategy against AI-based political disinformation. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to understand how the public interprets, identifies, and responds to the threat of this information manipulation. The results reveal two main findings. First, AI-based political disinformation has been shown to create an illusion of truth. Conventional digital literacy has failed to counter because existing curricula remain stuck in basic functional skills and have not integrated aspects of AI literacy or confirmation bias mitigation. Second, current strategies for countering hoaxes have been reactive through take-down and debunking, thus being outpaced by machine replication. This study concludes that public knowledge strengthening must transition to a proactive approach through pre-bunking. The effectiveness of this downstream strategy must be supported by a collaborative multi-stakeholder governance model at the upstream level, through the implementation of adaptive regulations such as mandatory watermarking of AI content and regular algorithm audits on social media platforms to maintain a digital democracy ecosystem with integrity.
References
Alvin, S. (2022). Komunikasi politik di era digital: dari big data, influencer relations & kekuatan selebriti, hingga politik tawa. Deepublish.
Amilin, A. (2019). Pengaruh hoaks politik dalam era post-truth terhadap ketahanan nasional dan dampaknya pada kelangsungan pembangunan nasional. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 7(3), 5-11.
Anthonysamy, L., & Sivakumar, P. (2022). A New Digital Literacy Framework to Mitigate Misinformation in Social Media Infodemic. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4174829
Ar, F. Y., & Apriyani, L. (2019). Pendidikan Politik Menuju Pemilihan Umum Yang Demokratis. Jurnal Majelis, 39.
Bashori, K. (2018). Pendidikan politik di era disrupsi. Sukma: Jurnal Pendidikan, 2(2), 287-310.
Beam, M. A., Hutchens, M. J., & Hmielowski, J. D. (2016). Clicking vs. sharing: The relationship between online news behaviors and political knowledge. Computers in human behavior, 59, 215-220.
Clark, K. R., & Buckley, M. B. (2017). Using a Synthesis Matrix to Plan a Literature Review. Radiologic Technology, 88(3).
Cyntia, C., Apriliya, S., & Respati, R. (2019). Literasi emosi peserta didik sekolah dasar. PEDADIDAKTIKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 6(2), 308-317.
De Paor, S., & Heravi, B. (2020). Information literacy and fake news: How the field of librarianship can help combat the epidemic of fake news. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46, 102218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102218
Faqir, R. S. (2023). Digital criminal investigations in the era of artificial intelligence: a comprehensive overview. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 17(2), 77-94.
Feldstein, S. (2021). The rise of digital repression: How technology is reshaping power, politics, and resistance. Oxford University Press.
Giansiracusa, N. (2021). How algorithms create and prevent fake news. Berkeley, CA: Apress.
Giarlo, M. J. (2006). The role of skepticism in human-information behavior: a cognitive-affective analysis. Library Student Journal, 9, 1-13.
Gunawan, B., & Ratmono, B. M. (2021). Demokrasi di Era Post Truth. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Haqqo, A., & Ansoriyah, S. (2023). Turnbackhoax. Id: Upaya pemutusan disinformasi berita-berita pemilu 2024. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics Review, 4(1), 9-18.
Hassan, M. S., Allam, S. N. S., Daud, M. A., & Abd Wahab, Z. (2020). Keperluan Literasi Media Dalam Penyertaan Politik Berintegriti Golongan Muda. Jurnal Sains Sosial, 5(1), 12-24.
Hsu, Y. L., Dai, S. C., Xiong, A., & Ku, L. W. (2023). Is explanation the cure? misinformation mitigation in the short term and long term. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023.
Ilomäki, L., Lakkala, M., Kallunki, V., Mundy, D., Romero, M., Romeu, T., & Gouseti, A. (2023). Critical digital literacies at school level: A systematic review. Review of Education, 11(3), e3425.
Indrawan, J., Barzah, R. E., & Simanihuruk, H. (2023). Instagram sebagai media komunikasi politik bagi generasi milenial. Ekspresi dan Persepsi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 6(1), 170-179.
Iswara, A. A. (2021). Hoaks kategori satire sebagai cyberbullying dalam hoaks isu politik. Jurnal Pekommas, 6(2), 49-58.
Jones-Jang, S. M., Mortensen, T., & Liu, J. (2019). Does Media Literacy Help Identification of Fake News? Information Literacy Helps, but Other Literacies Don’t. American Behavioral Scientist, 65, 371-388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219869406
Kang, H. Y. (2022). A study on digital and AI literacy education to prepare for Future. Journal of digital contents society, 23(6), 1067-1075.
Khambatta, P., Mariadassou, S., Morris, J., & Wheeler, S. C. (2023). Tailoring recommendation algorithms to ideal preferences makes users better off. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 9325.
Khan, L. M., & Idris, I. (2019). Recognise misinformation and verify before sharing: a reasoned action and information literacy perspective. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38, 1194 - 1212. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2019.1578828
Komdigi. (2023). Siaran Pers No. 49/HM/KOMINFO/04/2023 tentang Tingkatkan Literasi Digital Sektor Pemerintahan Lewat ASN Makin Cakap. https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/siaran-pers-no-49-hm-kominfo-04-2023-tentang-tingkatkan-literasi-digital-sektor-pemerintahan-lewat-asn-makin-cakap-digital
Mezmir, E. A. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: An overview of data reduction, data display, and interpretation. Research on humanities and social sciences, 10(21), 15-27.
Napoli, P. M. (2021). The platform beat: Algorithmic watchdogs in the disinformation age. European Journal of Communication, 36(4), 376-390.
Neidhardt, A. H. (2021). From debunking to pre-bunking: How to get ahead of disinformation on migration in the EU.
Novyanti, H., & Astuti, P. (2022). Jerat hukum penyalahgunaan aplikasi deepfake ditinjau dari hukum pidana. Novum: Jurnal Hukum, 9(04), 31-40.
Nuraida, N., & Simanungkalit, P. N. B. (2023). Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pemilu Serentak Tahun 2024. ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora, 1(4), 181-203.
Pati, S., & Kumar, V. V. (2023). The Medium is the Message: Audio-Visual Communication Over Textual Communication-A Matter of ‘Effectiveness’ in Communicating Conservation. Global Media Journal: Indian Edition, 15(2).
Pitt, C. S., Bal, A. S., & Plangger, K. (2020). New approaches to psychographic consumer segmentation: exploring fine art collectors using artificial intelligence, automated text analysis and correspondence analysis. European Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 305-326.
Pizzi, M., Romanoff, M., & Engelhardt, T. (2020). AI for humanitarian action: Human rights and ethics. International Review of the Red Cross, 102(913), 145-180.
Pratama, B., Saputra, D. W., Sari, E. P., Sinaga, F. V., Siahaan, I. S., Jumriani, J., ... & Andini, S. (2022). Sosialisasi Efektivitas Pemilu Dalam Memberikan Pemahaman Politik Guna Meningkatkan Kesadaran Berpolitik Masyarakat. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(5).
Rahayu. (2021). Perempuan dan Literasi Digital: Antara Problem, Hambatan, dan Arah Pemberdayaan. Yogyakarta: UGM Press.
Rahman, A., Latifah, E. D., & Fachrurrazi, S. (2022). Peranan Teknologi Informasi Dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Politik Warga Negara. Sisfo: Jurnal Ilmiah Sistem Informasi, 6(1), 12-24.
Ramadlan, M. F. S., & Afala, L. O. M. (2022). Politik Media, Media Politik: Pers, Rezim, dan Kemunduran Demokrasi. Malang: UB Press.
Ramašauskaitė, O. (2023). The Role of Collaborative Networks in Combating Digital Disinformation. In 2. International Conference on Economics" Regional Development-Digital Economy": proceedings book. December 21-23, 2023 (pp. 432-437). Liberty Academic Publishers.
Rohani, I. (2021). Peran Humas dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Lembaga Pendidikan. An-Nafah: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keislaman, 1(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.64469/AN-NAFAH.V1I1.2
Rusdiyanti, S., Hutagalung, B., Afandi, R., Firmansyah, S. M., & Radianto, D. O. (2023). Pentingnya literasi informasi dalam menghadapi tantangan informasi palsu (Hoaks). Jurnal Multidisiplin Dehasen (MUDE), 2(3), 395-400.
Saig, E., & Rosenfeld, N. (2023). Learning to suggest breaks: sustainable optimization of long-term user engagement. In International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 29671-29696). PMLR.
Sharma, A., Kejriwal, D., & Pakina, A. K. (2023). Generative AI in the deep internet: Treat and counter measures for the next generation resilience. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Research, 14(1).
Suardi, M. (2017). Analisis Manajemen Humas dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Partisipasi Masyarakat terhadap Lembaga Pendidikan. Kelola: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 2(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.24256/KELOLA.V2I2.434
Susilo, M. E., Afifi, S., & Yustitia, S. (2020). Hoax as a reflection on the low digital literacy in Indonesia. Revolution, 4(1), 165-174.
Tahir, R., Kusmanto, H., & Amin, M. (2020). Propaganda Politik Hoaks dalam Pemilihan Presiden Tahun 2019. Perspektif, 9(2), 236-251.
Vaccari, C., & Chadwick, A. (2020). Deepfakes and disinformation: Exploring the impact of synthetic political video on deception, uncertainty, and trust in news. Social media+ society, 6(1), 2056305120903408.
Verma, N. (2023). Deepfake technology and the future of public trust in video (Doctoral Dissertation).
Woods, L. (2021). Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of Care. Perspectives on Platform Regulation.
Woods, L., & Perrin, W. (2021). Obliging Platforms to Accept a Duty of Care. Regulating Big Tech.
Zahro, S., Kamilah, M. N., Ardiansyah, M., Safitri, I. M., Naharina, P. S., & Waraswati, A. N. (2023). Kesadaran Berpolitik di Indonesia. JOCER: Journal of Civic Education Research, 1(2), 49-64.
Zamroni, M. (2017). Media Sosial dan Realitas Gaya Hidup Masyarakat Postmodern. In: Melawan Hoax di Media Sosial dan Media Massa. Yogyakarta: Trust Media.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
