Bekerja sebagai Pilihan Rasional: Pekerja Anak di Pertambangan Pasir Gunung Merapi, Indonesia


Tessa Wulandari(1*), Azinuddin Ikram Hakim(2)

(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
(2) The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Pekerja anak di Indonesia merupakan masalah yang belum terselesaikan hingga saat ini. Artikel ini menganalisis permasalahan pekerja anak di Indonesia ini dengan fokus kajian pada pekerja anak di pertambangan pasir Gunung Merapi di Kecamatan Srumbung, Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Data yang diperlukan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan pekerja anak, orang tua mereka dan anggota masyarakar, dan observasi lapangan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi dan analisis teori pilihan rasional Coleman, hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya dua faktor utama mengapa anak-anak berkerja sebagai penambang pasir, yaitu faktor ekonomi dan lingkungan pergaulan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa anak-anak melakukan tindakan pilihan rasional berupa tuntutan ekonomi dan pengaruh teman sepergaulan ketika mereka memutuskan untuk bekerja sebagai penambang pasir dan bagaimana mereka bernegosiasi dengan pilihan terkait keberlangsungan ekonomi dan ikatan kelompok sepermainan mereka. Semua pihak yang terlibat memiliki alasan rasional yang melatarbelakangi pendapat mereka tentang pekerja anak di pertambangan pasir.

This article deals with the issue of child labor in Indonesia by focusing on child labor in sand mining located in Gunung Merapi in Kecamatan Srumbung, Magelang, Indonesia. It attempts to reveal what drives children to work as child laborers in sand mining. The required data were collected through interviews with child laborers, their parents, and community members, and observation. The findings show that two factors drove the children to work as child laborers in sand mining: economic and social environment. Using Coleman's rational choice theory as a theoretical framework, this article argues that child laborers did rational choices in their decision to work in sand mining. The same is true for the parents who allowed their children to be child laborers in the business.


Keywords


Pekerja anak, pertambangan pasir, pilihan rasional, risiko

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/jispo.v10i2.8388

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