Character Education Builds AI Ethics, Digital Independence in Vocational Students
Keywords:
Academic Integrity, AI Ethics, Critical Thinking, Digital Independence, Vocational High SchoolAbstract
This study investigates how character education influences the development of digital independence and ethical awareness among students at SMK Amaliah as they engage with AI-powered learning environments. As reliance on AI tools like ChatGPT increases, concerns about academic integrity, critical thinking, and ethics have arisen. The research aims to create strategies for blending character education into vocational training, helping students use AI responsibly, maintain academic honesty, and build independent problem-solving skills. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study combines surveys of 200 students with qualitative analysis of character education initiatives within Islamic education. The quantitative data sheds light on students’ AI usage habits and their ethical understanding, while the qualitative aspect evaluates how character education programs influence responsible digital behavior. Findings reveal that although 75% of students use AI tools for academic tasks, only 40% have a clear grasp of plagiarism and ethical AI use. Character education plays a key role in fostering honesty, responsibility, and autonomous learning, reducing automation bias and uncritical AI reliance. This is because students involved in structured ethical discussions and guided AI use develop greater awareness of digital ethics and critical thinking. Additionally, character education encourages accountability and self-regulation by integrating moral reasoning with technological skills, ensuring students do not depend solely on AI-generated content without personal intellectual engagement. The study highlights the importance of embedding AI ethics into vocational curricula and training teachers to strengthen digital literacy and ethical decision-making. Its findings support educational practices that prepare students to handle AI responsibly and uphold academic integrity.
References
Achruh, A., Rapi, M., Rusdi, M., and Idris, R. (2024). Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Islamic Education in Indonesian Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(11), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.11.22
Aderibigbe, A. O., Ohenhen, P. E., Nwaobia, N. K., Gidiagba, J. O., and Ani, E. C. (2023). Artificial intelligence in developing countries: Bridging the gap between potential and implementation. Computer Science and IT Research Journal, 4(3), 185-199. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v4i3.629
Adillón, M. V., Bellón, E. M., Cantero, J. M., and Forgas, R. C. (2024). Academic integrity in pre-service teacher education: a review of the literature. Práxis Educativa, 19. https://doi.org/10.5212/praxeduc.v.19.23273.026
Al-Jbouri, E., Andrews, N. C., Peddigrew, E., Fortier, A., and Weaver, T. (2022). Building elementary students’ social and emotional skills: A randomized control trial to evaluate a teacher-led intervention. School Mental Health, 15(1), 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-022-09538-x
Al-Zahrani, A. M. (2024). Unveiling the shadows: Beyond the hype of AI in education. Heliyon, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30696
Ali, S., DiPaola, D., Lee, I., Sindato, V., Kim, G., Blumofe, R., and Breazeal, C. (2021). Children as creators, thinkers and citizens in an AI-driven future. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100040
Arjona-Giner, S., Molina-Carmona, R., and Llorens-Largo, F. (2023). Exploring the possibilities of ChatGPT in students’ assignments: Some simple experiences. In International conference on technological ecosystems for enhancing multiculturality (pp. 884-893). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1814-6_86
Asghar, M. M. (2024). Mental health and wellbeing of undergraduate students in engineering: A systematic literature review. Journal of Engineering Education, 113(4), 1046-1075. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20574
Bebeau, M. J. (2022). The Defining Issues Test and the Four Component Model: Contributions to professional education. Journal of Moral Education, 31(3), 271–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022000008115
Birks, D., Clare, J. (2023). Linking artificial intelligence facilitated academic misconduct to existing prevention frameworks. Int J Educ Integr 19(20) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-023-00142-3
Borenstein, J., and Howard, A. (2021). Emerging challenges in AI and the need for AI ethics education. AI and Ethics, 1(1), 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00002-7
Burga, M. A., and Damopolii, M. (2022). Reinforcing religious moderation through local culture-based Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 145-162. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v8i2.19879
Cassinadri, G. (2024). ChatGPT and the Technology-Education Tension: Applying Contextual Virtue Epistemology to a Cognitive Artifact. Philos. Technol. 37(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00701-7
Chan, C. K. (2023). A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00408-3
Chan, C.K.Y. (2024). Students’ perceptions of ‘AI-giarism’: investigating changes in understandings of academic misconduct. Educ Inf Technol https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13151-7
Eaton, S.E. (2024). Redefining Plagiarism in the Age of AI, Nov 18, 2024. https://postplagiarism.com/2024/11/18/redefining-plagiarism-in-the-age-of-ai/
Fedele, A., Punzi, C., and Tramacere, S. (2024). The ALTAI checklist as a tool to assess ethical and legal implications for a trustworthy AI development in education. Computer Law and Security Review, 53, 105986. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4494528
Foltynek, T., Bjelobaba, S., Glendinning, I., Khan, Z. R., Santos, R., Pavletic, P., and Kravjar, J. (2023). ENAI Recommendations on the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence in Education. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 19(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-023-00133-4
Forman, N., Udvaros, J., and Avornicului, M. S. (2023). ChatGPT: A new study tool shaping the future for high school students. Future, 5(6), 7. https://doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.562
Gerlich, M. (2025). AI Tools in Society: Impacts on Cognitive Offloading and the Future of Critical Thinking. Societies, 15(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15010006
Gulumbe, B. H., Audu, S. M., and Hashim, A. M. (2024). Balancing AI and academic integrity: what are the positions of academic publishers and universities?. AI and SOCIETY, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01946-8
Gustilo, L., Ong, E., and Lapinid, M. R. (2024). Algorithmically-driven writing and academic integrity: exploring educators’ practices, perceptions, and policies in AI era. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 20(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-024-00153-8
Harvard College, The President and Fellows of Academic Integrity and Teaching With(out) AI. https://oaisc.fas.harvard.edu/academic-integrity-and-teaching-without-ai/ accessed on 05 Feb 2025.
Jeynes, W. H. (2019). A meta-analysis on the relationship between character education and student achievement and behavioral outcomes. Education and Urban Society, 51(1), 33-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124517747681
Kraft, M. A., Blazar, D., and Hogan, D. (2018). The effect of teacher coaching on instruction and achievement: A meta-analysis of the causal evidence. Review of educational research, 88(4), 547-588. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654318759268
Lawless, K. A., and Pellegrino, J. W. (2007). Professional development in integrating technology into teaching and learning: Knowns, unknowns, and ways to pursue better questions and answers. Review of educational research, 77(4), 575-614. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654307309921
Mogaji, E., and Nguyen, N. P. (2022). Managers’ understanding of artificial intelligence in relation to marketing financial services: insights from a cross-country study. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 40(6), 1272-1298. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-09-2021-0440
Naamati-Schneider, L., and Alt, D. (2024). Beyond digital literacy: The era of AI-powered assistants and evolving user skills . Education and Information Technologies, 29(16), 21263-21293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12694-z
Nguyen, A., Ngo, H. N., Hong, Y., Dang, B., and Nguyen, B.-P. T. (2022). Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(4), 4221–4241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11316-w
Nguyen, V. K. (2024). The Use of Generative Ai Tools in Higher Education: Ethical and Pedagogical Principles. Available at SSRN 5003394. https://ssrn.com/abstract=5003394 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5003394
Nugraha, T. C., Abdel Rahim, E. S. E. S. A., and Lukman, F. (2024). Integrating problem-based and flipped learning in Islamic religious education: A pathway to achieving sustainable development goals. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(1), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v10i1.35204
Pudasaini, S., Miralles-Pechuán, L., Lillis, D., and Llorens Salvador, M. (2024). Survey on ai-generated plagiarism detection: The impact of large language models on academic integrity. Journal of Academic Ethics, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-024-09576-
Roshanaei, M., Olivares, H., and Lopez, R. R. (2023). arnessing AI to Foster Equity in Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Emerging Strategies. Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, 15(04), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.4236/jilsa.2023.154009
Schiff, D. (2022). Education for AI, not AI for education: The role of education and ethics in national AI policy strategies. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(3), 527-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00270-2
Shu, J. (2024). Application of ChatGPT in “Chinese+ vocational skills” education from the perspective of interaction theory. Journal of Advanced Research in Education, 3(4), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.56397/jare.2024.07.03
Syarnubi, S., Mansir, F., Purnomo, M. E., Harto, K., and Hawi, A. (2021). Implementing Character Education in Madrasah. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(1), 77-94. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v7i1.8449
Taloni, A., Scorcia, V., and Giannaccare, G. (2024). Modern threats in academia: Evaluating plagiarism and artificial intelligence detection scores of ChatGPT. Eye, 38(2), 397-400. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02678-7
Treve, M. (2024). Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Education: Impacts on Student Learning and Innovation. International Journal of Vocational Education and Training Research, 10(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijvetr.20241002.14
Von Garrel, J., and Mayer, J. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in studies—use of ChatGPT and AI-based tools among students in Germany. Humanities and social sciences communications, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02304-7
Ward, B., Bhati, D., Neha, F., and Guercio, A. (2024). Analyzing the Impact of AI Tools on Student Study Habits and Academic Performance. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.02166. Available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.02166
Wood, D., and Moss, S. H. (2024). Evaluating the impact of students’ generative AI use in educational contexts. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching and Learning, 17(2), 152-167. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-06-2024-0151
Xu, C., Hania, A., and Waqas, M. (2025). Guiding the digital generation: role of principals’ leadership, ICT competence, and teacher professional competence in fostering digital citizenship among university students. Education and Information Technologies, 30(1), 1165-1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13180-2
Yan, Y., Liu, H. (2024). Ethical framework for AI education based on large language models. Educ Inf Technol https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13241-6
Yasin, M., and Khasbulloh, M. N. (2022). Constructing ethical critical thinking at pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v8i2.19028
Ying, L., Bahar, N., Singh, D., Asri, F. H. M., Al-mzary, M. M., Falaki, N., ... and Al-Hawary, S. I. S. (2025). Investigating the Ethical Impact of AI in Vocational Education. In: Hannoon, A., Mahmood, A. (eds) Intelligence-Driven Circular Economy. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1174. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74220-0_8
Yusuf, A., Bello, S., Pervin, N., and Tukur, A. K. (2024). Implementing a proposed framework for enhancing critical thinking skills in synthesizing AI-generated texts. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 53, 101619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101619
Zhai, C., Wibowo, S. and Li, L.D. (2024). The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students’ cognitive abilities: a systematic review. Smart Learn. Environ. 11, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7
Zhang, C., Ma, X. and Lee, I. (2024). “It’s Ok to Make Ai Do this...”: AI Triggered Plagiarism in Chinese Students’ Eyes. 14 Apr 2024 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4793796
Zhao, F., Khan, A., and Ahmed, I. (2024). Ethical Considerations and Future Prospects of AI Integration in Education: Insights from the Philippines. Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Learning Technology (ISSN: 2306-0212), 24(1), 1-6. Retrieved from https://ieeecs-media.computer.org/tc-media/sites/5/2022/03/16015801/BoTCLT-2024-09005.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


