A Study on The Sandwich Generation Differences in Level of Work-Family Conflict and Marital Satisfaction among Working Couple
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v10i2.28887Keywords:
Dual earner, gender differences, marital satisfaction, sandwich generation, work-family conflictAbstract
Dual-earner couples in the sandwich generation are overcoming unique challenges to their marital satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to explore gender differences in work-family conflict and marital satisfaction in dual-earner couples among the sandwich generation. To achieve this, a quantitative mathod comprising 105 participants (Mage = 39.10; SD = 9.842) from Greater Jakarta, was used. The results showed that there was no significant differences between working men and women in the sandwich generation concerning marital satisfaction and work-family conflict. Based on observations, there was no correlation between work-family conflict and marital satisfaction in women. Conversely, a negative correlation existed between marital satisfaction and the number of children, a trend discovered exclusively in men. In conclusion, this study provided information to improve the marriage quality for dual-earner couples and contributed novel perspective to the discourse on marital satisfaction and work-family conflict.
References
Anggarwati, P. I., & Thamrin, W. P. (2019). Work family-conflict dan psychological well-being pada ibu bekerja. Jurnal Psikologi, 12(2), 200–212. https://doi.org/10.35760/psi.2019.v12i2.2444
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020, December 20). Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2020. Retrieve from: https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2020/12/21/4a39564b84a1c4e7a615f28b/statistik-pemuda-indonesia-2020.html
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Banten. (2022, Februari 25). Provinsi Banten Dalam Angka 2022. Retrieve from: https://banten.bps.go.id/publication/2022/02/25/19658ae14140f17fc6ae9e3a/provinsi-banten-dalam-angka-2022.html
Bank Indonesia. (2022, April 22). Data Inflasi Indonesia. Indikator. Retrieved from https://www.bi.go.id/id/statistik/indikator/target-inflasi.aspx
Barroso, A. (2021, Januari 25). For American couples, gender gaps in sharing household responsibilities persist amid pandemic. Retrieve from: Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/01/25/for-american-couples-gender-gaps-in-sharing-household-responsibilities-persist-amid-pandemic/
Burke, C. S., Feitosa, J., Salas, E., & Gelfand, M. (2017). Measuring collaboration in cross-cultural contexts. In A. A. von Davier, M. Zhu, & P. C. Kyllonen (Eds.), Innovative assessment of collaboration (pp. 185–207). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33261-1_12
Colombo, L., & Ghisleri, C. (2008). The work-to-family conflict: Theories and measures. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 15(1), 35–55. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-10803-003
Conger, R. D., Conger, K. J., & Martin, M. J. (2016). Socioeconomic status, family processes, and individual development. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 685–704. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00725.x
Daulay, E. (2017). Gender Roles (Statuses) and Indonesian Wowan. VISION, 11(11), 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/vis.v11i11.165
Dayatri, N. F., & Mustika, M. D. (2021). Peran Dukungan Sosial terhadap Work-Family Conflict dan Employment-related Guilt Ibu Bekerja di Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 8(2). 72-84. https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2021.v08.i02.p09
DeGenova, M. K., Stinnett, N., & Stinnett, N. M. (2005). Intimate relationships, marriages & families. McGraw-Hill.
Faul, F., & Erdfelder, E. (2017). Gpower Manual. Universitat Bonn.
Faisal, C. M., & Sari, Y. R. (2018). Comparison of the marital satisfaction between dual-earner and single-earner couples. Diversity in Unity: Perspectives from Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. Conference: The Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and HumanitiesAt: Depok, Indonesia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323522324_Comparison_of_marital_satisfaction_between_dual-earner_and_single-earner_couples
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1985.4277352
Haddock, S. A., & Rattenborg, K. (2003). Benefits and challenges of dual-earning: Perspectives of successful couples. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(5), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180390223978
Hammer, L., & Neal, M. (2008). Working sandwich-generation caregivers: prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 11, 93-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10887150801967324
Handayani, N., & Harsanti, I. (2017), Kepuasan Pernikahan: Penelitian Pengaruh Konflik Pekerjan-Keluarga Pada Wanita Bekerja. Jurnal Psikologi, 10(1), 92-99. https://ejournal.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/psiko/article/view/1638
Harahap, S. R., & Lestari, Y. I. (2018). The role of commitment and interpersonal communication in enhancing the marital satisfaction of husbands who have wives work. Jurnal Psikologi, 14(2), 120–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jp.v14i2.5603
Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(1), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/352430
Hidayati, N. (2016). Beban Ganda Perempuan Bekerja (Antara Domestik dan Publik). Muwazah, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v7i2.516
Himawan, K. K., Bambling, M., & Edirippulige, S. (2017). Modernization and singlehood in Indonesia: Psychological and social impacts. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences. 40(2), 499-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2017.09.008
Himawan, K. K. (2017). Jealousy and relationship satisfaction among Indonesian dating adults. Psych Journal, 6(4), 328-329. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.195
Himawan, K. K. (2020). The Single’s Struggle: Discovering Involuntary Singleness in Indonesia Through Gender and Religious Perspectives. The Family Journal, 28(4), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480720950419
Himawan, K. K., Fanggidae, J., & Helmi, J. (2020). Bekerja dari rumah (WFH) sebagai normal baru. Unpublished working report. Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
Kuntari, I. S. R., Janssens, J. M. A. M., & Ginting, H. (2017). Gender, Life Role Importance and Work-Family Conflict in Indonesia : A Non-Western Perspective. Academic Research International, 8(3), 139– 153. http://www.savap.org.pk/journals/ARInt./Vol.8(1)/ARInt.2017(8.1-16).pdf
Lamanna, M., & Riedmann, A. (2012). Marriages, families, & relationships (11th ed.) CENGAGE LEARNING.
Maeda, E. (2008). Relational identities and always-single Japanese women. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(6), 967-987. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407508100310
Meliani, F., Sunarti, E., & Krisnatuti, D. (2014). Faktor demografi, konflik kerja-keluarga, dan kepuasan perkawinan istri bekerja. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 7(3), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2014.7.3.133
Miller, D. A. (1981). The “sandwich†generation: adult children of the aging. Social Work, 26(5), 419-423. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23712207
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
Nuraeni, Y., & Suryono, I. (2021). Analysis of gender equality on employment In Indonesia. Nakhoda: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 20(1), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.35967/njip.v20i1.134
Nurdiana, T. (2021, November 15). Kemenaker: Kenaikan Upah Rata-rata 1,09% 2021, upah 4 Provinsi Tak Naik. kontan.co.id. Retrieved from https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/kemenaker-kenaikan-upah-rata-rata-109-2021-upah-4-provinsi-tak-naik
Pietra, J. (2019, Juni 29). “Pekerjaan laki-laki†dan “pekerjaan perempuanâ€. Apa Bedanya?. Buletin KPIN. From https://buletin.k-pin.org/index.php/arsip-artikel/427-pekerjaan-laki-laki-dan-pekerjaan-perempuan-apa-bedanya
Pratiwi, F. R. & Sawitri, D. R. (2015). Kepuasan pernikahan ditinjau dari konflik peran pekerjaan-keluarga dan fase perkembangan dewasa pada perawat wanita di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Prof. Dr. Soeroyo Magelang. Jurnal Empati, 4(4), 262-266. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2015.14353
Puspitasari, D., & Mas'ud, F. (2018). Pengaruh nilai budaya nasional Indonesia terhadap preferensi gaya manajemen konflik (Studi pada karyawan tendik FISIP Undip). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 7(4), 249-260. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/djom/article/view/22358
Puspitasari, F, & Haksama, S. (2020). Perbedaan kesejahteraan psikologis pada ibu berdasarkan struktur keluarga di Desa Kaligung Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Promotif: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 10(2), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.56338/pjkm.v10i2.1039
Putro, S. S., & Riyanto, S., (2020). How asian sandwich generation managing stress in telecommuting during Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 3(3). 485-492. https://www.academia.edu/43329132/How_Asian_Sandwich_Generation_Managing_Stress_in_Telecommuting_during_Covid-19_Pandemic
Qian, Y., & Qian, Z. (2014). The gender divide in urban China: Singlehoodand assortative mating by age and education. Demographic Research, 31(45), 1337–1364. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.45
Renanita, T. & Setiawan, J. L. (2018). Marital satisfaction in terms of communication, conflict resolution, sexual intimacy, and financial relations among working and non-working wives. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 22(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.1190318
Schreier, S. S., Heinrichs, N., Alden, L., Rapee, R. M., Hofmann, S. G., Chen, J., Oh, K. J., & Bögels, S. (2010). Social anxiety and social norms in individualistic and collectivistic countries. Depression and anxiety, 27(12), 1128–1134. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20746
Soeharto, T. (2010). Konflik Pekerjaanâ€Keluarga dengan Kepuasan Kerja: Metaanalisis. Jurnal Psikologi, 37(1), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.7895
Sullivan,C. (2012), Remote working and work-life balance. In Michalos, A., Phillips,R., Rahtz,D., Goethe,G., Lee,D. and Camfield,L. (Eds), Work and Quality of Life (pp.275-290). Springer
Sunarti, E., Rizkillah, R., Hakim, F. A., Zakiya, N., & Damayanti, R. (2021). Manajemen sumber Daya Keluarga, Konflik Kerja-Keluarga, Dan Tugas Keluarga. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 14(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2021.14.1.1
Tebes, J., & Irish, J. (2000). Promoting resilience among children of sandwiched generation caregiving women through caregiver mutual help. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 20. 139-158. https://doi.org/10.1300/J005v20n01_10.
Veronika, M., & Afdal, A. (2021). Analisis kepuasan pernikahan pada suami istri yang bekerja. Jurnal EDUCATIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 7(1), 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/1202121150
Wijayanti, A. E., & Indrawati, E. S. (2016). Hubungan antara konflik peran ganda dengan kepuasan pernikahan pada wanita yang bekerja sebagai penyuluh di Kabupaten Purbalingga. Jurnal Empati, 5(2), 282-286. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2016.15202
Wongpy, N., & Setiawan, J. L. (2019). Konflik Pekerjaan Dan Keluarga Pada Pasangan dengan peran ganda. Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan, 10(1), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v10n1
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
The author whose published manuscript approved the following provisions:
1. The right of publication of all material published in the journal / published on the E-Journal of Psychology website is held by the editorial board with the knowledge of the author (moral right remains the author of the script).
2. The formal legal provisions for access to digital articles of this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which means that the Journal of Psychology reserves the right to save, transmit media / format, manage in database form, , maintain, and publish articles without requesting permission from the Author as long as it continues to include the name of the Author as the owner of Copyright.
3. Printed and published print and electronic manuscripts are open access for any purposes. In addition to these objectives, the editorial board shall not be liable for violations of copyright law.
Â