TRANSGENDER DAN REDEFINISI KHUNTSA DALAM KAJIAN MEDIS DAN FIQIH KONTEMPORER: STUDI KASUS APRILIO MANGANANG-AMAR ALFIKAR


Ahmad Asrof Fitri(1*), Sansan Ziaul Haq(2)

(1) IAI AL-AZIS Indramayu, Indonesia
(2) ITB Bandung, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This research, which examines transgender and khuntsa in contemporary fiqh and medic, is inspired by the news on Aprilio Manganang and Amar Alfikar, who changed their gender due to medical and psychological problems. Aprilio was diagnosed with hypospadias, while Amar suffered from gender dysphoria. In classical fiqh literature, the concept of khuntsa is identified from a physical point of view only, which is generally categorized into khuntsa ghairu musykil if the person's gender can still be known and khuntsa musykil if the genitals cannot be ascertained after a medical research process. The purpose of this study is to determine the fiqh review of the transgender cases of Aprilio Manganang and Amar Alfikar. Using the library research method, this study finds that Aprilio is considered a khuntsa ghairu musykil because of hormonal and physical tendencies to men. While Amar, although born with female genital, gender dysphoria makes her feel that she is in an inappropriate body, thus causing self-harming. In the perspective of contemporary fiqh with psychological approach, the problem experienced by Amar require scholars to review the definition of khuntsa. The criteria of khuntsa musykil can be expanded by considering psychological disorders that arise from internal issues, not due to external influences.

Penelitian yang mengkaji tentang transgender dan khuntsa dalam sudut pandang medis dan fikih kontemporer ini diilhami dari pemberitaan mengenai Aprilio Manganang dan Amar Alfikar, yang melakukan perubahan jenis kelamin dengan sebab masalah medis dan psikologis. Aprilio didiagnosa mengalami hipospadia berat, sementara Amar menderita gender dysphoria. Dalam literatur fikih klasik, konsep khuntsa acap kali hanya dilihat dan diidentifikasi dari segi fisik untuk ditentukan jenis kelaminnya, yang secara umum dikategorikan menjadi khuntsa ghairu musykil jika orang tersebut masih bisa diketahui kelaminnya dan khuntsa musykil bila setelah proses penelitian medis tidak dapat diketahui kepastian genitalnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tinjauan fikih terhadap kasus transgender Aprilio Manganang dan Amar Alfikar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah library research dengan kajian literatur. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Aprilio termasuk khuntsa ghairu musykil karena kecenderungan hormonal maupun penanda fisik yang terlihat mengarah jelas kepada laki-laki. Sementara Amar, meskipun terlahir dengan alat kelamin perempuan, secara psikis gender dysphoria membuatnya merasa berada dalam tubuh yang tidak sesuai, sehingga menyebabkan self-harming. Dalam sudut pandang fiqih kontemporer dengan pendekatan psikologis, persoalan yang dialami Amar secara moral mengharuskan ulama untuk meninjau kembali definisi khuntsa. Khuntsa musykil dapat diperluas cakupannya dengan memper­timbang­­kan kelainan-kelainan psikologis yang muncul dari internal diri seseorang, bukan akibat pengaruh eksternal.


Keywords


transgender; khuntsa; Islamic law; medic; psychology.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v24i1.16513

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