STUDI KOMPARATIF METODE IJTIHAD MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA DAN BAHTSUL MASAIL NAHDLATUL ULAMA TENTANG FATWA VAKSIN ASTRAZENECA

Authors

  • Anisah Alkatiri Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
  • Idaul Hasanah Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
  • R. Tanzil Fawaiq Sayyaf Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v24i1.16858

Keywords:

astrazeneca, bahtsul masail, ijtihad, Indonesian ulema council, ijtihad method

Abstract

This paper aims to compare the ijtihad methods used by the Indonesian Council of Ulema (MUI) and Bahtsul Masail Nahdlatul Ulama concerning the fatwa on the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. The study method is qualitative, with a normative legal approach and descriptive-comparative analysis. According to the findings of this study, MUI employs the type of ijtihad jama'iy (collective ijtihad) and interdisciplinary by using ijtihad bayani, ta'lili, and istishlahi methods in its ijtihad on the AstraZeneca vaccine. MUI declared in its fatwa that the AstraZeneca vaccine's legal origin is haram since it comes into touch with a haram substance or unclean during the production, namely trypsin which is produced from pig pancreas. However, the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine is temporarily permitted due to several reasons. While Bahtsul Masail in their ijtihad employs the type of ijtihad jama'iy and interdisciplinary ijtihad using the qauly and ilhaqy ijtihad methods. In their conclusion, Bahtsul Masail declared that the Astra­Zeneca vaccine is permissible to use under normal circumstances, particularly in an emergency, not only because it is safe but also because it is holy. However, in issuing a fatwa on the Covid-19 vaccine for AstraZeneca products, both MUI and Bahtsul Masail are pursuing the same goal: saving human lives (hifz al-nafs), and both institutions' decisions are based on reasonable and empirical considerations in the context of the public good, expecting that herd immunity would be achieved shortly in Indonesia, permitting it to be free from the Covid-19 pandemic quickly.

References

Abshor, Muhammad Ulil. “Dinamika Ijtihad Nahdlatul Ulama (Analisis Pergeseran Paradigma Dalam Lembaga Bahtsul Masail NU).” Millati: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 1, no. 2 (2016): 240.

Ad-Dimasyqi, al-Imam al-Hafidz “Imaduddin Abu al-Fida” Isma’il Ibn Katsir. Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Jilid 3 (Terjemah). Bogor: Pustaka Imam asy-Syafi’i, 2003.

Aminuddin, Luthfi Hadi. “Ilhaq Al-Masail Bi Nazairiha Dan Penerapannya Dalam Bahth Al-Masa’il.” Al-Tahrir 13, no. 2 (2013): 299.

Ansori, Isa. “Perbedaan Metode Ijtihad Nahdlatul Ulama Dan Muhammadiyah Dalam Corak Fikih Di Indonesia.” Nizam 4, no. 1 (2014): 139–40.

Charity, May Lim. “Jaminan Produk Halal Di Indonesia (Halal Products Guarantee in Indonesia).” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 14, no. 1 (2017): 99.

CNN. “Setahun Lalu Pasien Pertama Covid-19 Ditemukan Di Wuhan,” 2020.

“Hasil Bahtsul Masail Lembaga Bahtsul Masail PBNU Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 Tentang Pandangan Fikih Mengenai Penggunaan Vaksin AstraZeneca,” n.d.

Himsyah, Fatroyah Asr. “Eksistensi Dan Partisipasi Majelis Ulama Indonesia Dalam Pengembangan Hukum.” Jurisdictie 1, no. 1 (2010): 53.

Irawati, Nur Ayu Virginia. “Imunisasi Dasar Dalam Masa Pandemi COVID-19.” Jurnal Kedokteran Unila 4, no. 2 (2020): 205.

Jamal, Mulyono, and Muhammad Abdul Aziz. “Metodologi Istinbath Muhammadiyah Dan NU: (Kajian Perbandingan Majelis Tarjih Dan Lajnah Bahtsul Masail).” Ijtihad : Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Islam 7, no. 2 (2013): 200–201.

Karni, Asrori S. “MUI Menyikapi Istihalah: Kasus AstraZeneca.” muidigital, 2021.

Majelis Ulama Indonesia. “Apa Status Kehalalan Vaksin Pfizer Dan Moderna?,” 2021.

———. “Fatwa MUI No 14 Tahun 2021 Tentang Hukum Penggunaan Vaksin Covid-19 Produk AstraZeneca.” Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 2021.

———. “Pedoman Penetapan Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia,” 2015.

Matanasi, Petrik. “Majelis Ulama Indonesia: Cara Daripada Soeharto Mengatur Islam,” 2020.

Moch. Nurcholis. “Fikih Maqasid Dalam Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Tentang Penggunaan Vaksin Covid-19 Produk Astrazeneca.” Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman 32, no. 2 (2021): 315–32. https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v32i2.1741.

MUI. “Benarkah Vaksin AstraZeneca Mengandung Unsur Babi?,” 2021.

Nanang Abdillah. “Madzhab Dan Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perbedaan.” Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pendidikan Islam 8, no. 4 (2016): 36.

Nasih, Ahmad Munjin. “Lembaga Fatwa Keagamaan Di Indonesia (Telaah Atas Lembaga Majlis Tarjih Dan Lajnah Bathsul Masail).” Journal de Jure 5, no. 1 (2013): 70.

Ophinni, Youdiil, Anshari S Hasibuan, Alvina Widhani, and Suzy Maria. “COVID-19 Vaccines : Current Status and Implication for Use in Indonesia.” Indonesia Journal International Medicine 52, no. 4 (2021): 404.

Prijambodo, Tjatur. “Kontroversi Hukum Vaksin, Tinjauan Majelis Tarjih Muhammmadiyah.” Proceeding Webinar Komprehensif Covid-19, 2021, 15–22. http://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/proceedingseries/article/view/13701.

Rahman, Rahmat Abd. “Metode Ijtihad Komisi Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia.” Nukhbatul Ulum 2, no. 1 (2016): 15.

Sheikh, Aziz, Jim McMenamin, Bob Taylor, and Chris Robertson. “SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: Demographics, Risk of Hospital Admission, and Vaccine Effectiveness.” The Lancet 397, no. 10293 (2021): 2461. https://doi.org/10.1016/

S0140-6736(21)01358-1.

Sholeh, M. Asrorun Niam, and Muhammad Ishar Helmi. “The COVID-19 Vaccination: Realization on Halal Vaccines For Benefits.” Samarah 5, no. 1 (2021): 175. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9769.

Syafi’i, Imam. “Transformasi Madzhab Qouli Menuju Madzhab Manhaji Jama’iy.” Asy-Syari’ah 4, no. 1 (2018): 27.

Syaifullah. “KH Afifuddin Muhajir: Vaksin AstraZeneca Boleh Digunakan,” 2021.

Syamsu, Khaswar. “Inilah Alasan MUI Mengharamkan Tripsin, Namun Membolehkan Penggunaannya.” LPPOM MUI, 2021.

WHO. “WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard,” 2021.

Wibowo, Subekty, Hermanu Joebagio, and Saiful Bachri. “Peran Majelis Ulama Indonesia Pada Masa Orde Baru 1975-1998 Dan Relevansinya Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah.” CANDI 17, no. 1 (2018): 82–83.

Zahra, Ahmad. Tradisi Intelektual NU: Lajnah Bahtsul Masa’il NU 1926-1999. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2004.

Zuhroni. “Studi Komparasi Metodologi Penetapan Hukum Islam Lembaga - Lembaga Fatwa Di Indonesia.” ADIL: Jurnal Hukum 3, no. 1 (2012): 50.

Downloads

Published

2022-06-30

How to Cite

Alkatiri, A., Hasanah, I., & Sayyaf, R. T. F. (2022). STUDI KOMPARATIF METODE IJTIHAD MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA DAN BAHTSUL MASAIL NAHDLATUL ULAMA TENTANG FATWA VAKSIN ASTRAZENECA. Asy-Syari’ah, 24(1), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v24i1.16858

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 1 (2022): Asy-Syari'ah

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Anisah Alkatiri, Idaul Hasanah, R. Tanzil Fawaiq Sayyaf

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The author whose published manuscript approved the following provisions:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).