ISLAM NUSANTARA’s Perspective on JUSTICE IN POLYGAMY


Beni Ahmad Saebani(1*)

(1) UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Abstract: A man is allowed to marry more than one woman with one important require­ment, have an ability to act fairly. The sources of Islamic law, the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah, do not explain in detail the procedures or techniques of fairness for polygamous husbands. However, in the Law No 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage there are articles governing poligamy, as in Article 4 and Article 5. Those provisions show that in the  context of Islam Nusantara fiqh, polygamy is open to all men who want to marry more than one woman, but at once closed to a man who unable to the legislation require­ments. Through literature studies with jurudic-normative approach, this study found that Indonesia has its own approach to ensure that a polygamous husband can act fairly toward his wives. The article 4 and 5 of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage proofing the intention. Therefore, the position of legislation as a result of Islamic Law transformation into national law becomes a concrete form of Islam Nusantara’s fiqh that has been applied in Muslim community life.

Abstrak: Seorang suami boleh beristri lebih dari seorang dengan syarat memiliki kemampuan melaksanakan keadilan. Sumber hukum Islam, yakni Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah tidak menjelaskan secara rinci tata cara atau teknis melaksanakan keadilan untuk suami yang poligami. Akan tetapi di dalam Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan terdapat pasal-pasal yang mengatur prinsip keadilan secara yuridis dan teknis, sebagaimana pada Pasal 4 dan Pasal 5. Dengan ketentuan peraturan per­undang-undangan tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa dalam konteks fiqh Islam Nusantara poligami terbuka untuk seluruh pria yang hendak menikahi lebih dari seorang isteri, akan tetapi sekaligus tertutup bagi pria yang bermaksud melakukan poligami apabila tidak terpenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh peraturan perundangan-undangan yang ber­laku. Melalui studi literatur dengan pendekatan yurudis-normatif, penelitian ini mene­­­mu­­kan bahwa Indonesia memiliki pendekatan sendiri untuk memastikan bahwa suami yang poligami dapat bertindak adil terhadap istrinya. Pasal 4 dan 5 UU No. 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan membuktikan niat tersebut.  Oleh karena itu, posisi legislasi sebagai hasil transformasi Hukum Islam menjadi hukum nasional menjadi bentuk konk­ret fiqh Islam Nusantara yang telah diterapkan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Muslim.


Keywords


fairness; Polygami; fiqh of Islam Nusantara.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v21i1.4458

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