KAIDAH-KAIDAH ISLAM MENJAWAB PERMASALAHAN SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI UMAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v21i1.4617Keywords:
jurisprudence, social beings, social problem, ijtihad, maqasid al-shariahAbstract
Abstract: Talking about the rules of jurisprudence on social issues, also called norms of jurisprudence on muamalah (transaction social), can not be separated from human life as social beings whose deliberations will never be completed in a short time, he needs space and time in addressing and finish it. As social beings, humans have always played an important role and dominate the issue, because he is as subject and object. So he tested must be able to provide solutions to every social problem that occurred. In muamalah jurisprudence and Islamic family law, the scope of ijtihad to be very broad and materials jurisprudence as a result of ijtihad becomes very much. While al-Quran and al-Hadith and to determine the field muamalah only sketchily which is reflected in the arguments kully (general), maqasid al-shariah, the spirit of the teachings and rules kulliyah. In this framework, humans were given the freedom sought on this earth. To prosper the life of this world, man as God's caliph must kretaif, innovative, hard work and struggle. Not fighting for life but life is a struggle to carry out the mandate of God, which is essentially for human kemashlahatan all. Thus a lot of the efforts of the jurists to give way on the problems of mankind with their ijtihad in fiqh rules about muamalah field, ranging from fundamental rules and branches.
Abstrak: Berbicara tentang aturan hukum Islam pada masalah sosial, atau disebut juga dengan fiqih muamalah, tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia sebagai makhluk sosial yang tidak akan pernah selesai dalam waktu singkat, ia memÂbutuhÂkan ruang dan waktu dalam menyikapi dan menyelesaikannya. Sebagai makhluk sosial, manusia selalu memainkan peran penting dan mendominasi masalahnya, kareÂna ia sebagai subjek dan objek pada permasalahan tersebut. Maka ia diuji sejauh mana mampu memberikan solusi pada setiap masalah sosial yang terjadi. Dalam permaÂsalahan sosial/muamalah dan hukum keluarga Islam, ruang lingkup ijtihad menjadi sangat luas dan materi sebagai hasil dari ijtihad menjadi sangat banyak. Sedangkan al-Quran dan al-Hadits dalam bidang muamalah tidak secara eksplisit menjelaskannya, ia hanya tercermin dalam kaidah kully (umum), maqasid al-syariah, semangat ajaran dan aturan kulliyah. BerdasarÂkan kerangka itulah manusia diberi kebebasan berusaha di muka bumi ini, berusaha untuk menjadi yang terbaik. Dalam memakmurkan kehidupan alam jagat raya, manusia sebagai khalifah Allah harus kreatif, inovatif, kerja keras, dan berjuang untuk menggali potensinya sebagai wakil Allah di bumi ini. Bukan berjuang hanya sekedar untuk hidup, tetapi hidup ini adalah perjuangan untuk melaksanakan amanat Allah yang pada hakikatnya untuk kemashlahatan manusia semua. Sehingga dengan demikian, banyak sekali usaha-usaha para fuqaha (ahli hukum Islam) untuk memberikan jalan pada permasalahan umat manusia dengan ijtihad mereka dalam bidang kaidah fiqih tentang muamalah, mulai dari kaidah asasi dan cabangnya.  Â
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