HUKUM WARIS ISLAM SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN KEPEMILIKAN HARTA


Hafidz Taqiyuddin(1*)

(1) Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Abstract: This research aims to explore how the distinction of Islamic inheritance law as an instrument in the right to own property. The topic of "human and wealth" is a theme that is quite interesting and popular both in academic circles and among the general public. Discourse on this matter can be highlighted from the legal and economic aspects. Furthermore, wealth in Islam is one of the mandates given to humans as majāzi owners. This paper wants to explore the ownership of assets originating from inheritance regulated by Islamic inheritance law. Property ownership by inheritance is interesting to analyze because it has differences with other ways of obtaining ownership of assets. The research data was obtained through library research. After the concepts and philosophy of ownership of property through inheritance in Islam are studied and understood, the data are then analyzed comprehensively to find the characteristics and distinctions possessed by Islamic inheritance law. This research found that the important characteristics or principles in ownership of property through inheritance in Islam is the principle of ijbari, namely ownership of property by inheritance cannot be determined by humans. Then, in Islamic inheritance law there are also other principles, namely bilateral and balanced justice. These principles make this inheritance law different from other inheritance laws specifically and ownership of assets in other ways.

 

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana distingsi hukum waris Islam sebagai instrumen dalam hak untuk memiliki harta. Topik mengenai “manusia dan harta” merupakan tema yang cukup menarik dan popular baik di kalangan akademik maupun di kalangan umum. Diskursus mengenai hal tersebut dapat disorot dari aspek hukum maupun ekonomi. Selanjutnya, harta dalam Islam merupakan salah satu amanat yang diberikan kepada manusia sebagai pemilik secara majāzi. Tulisan ini ingin mengeksplorasi perihal kepemilikan harta yang berasal dari harta warisan yang diatur oleh hukum waris Islam. Kepemilikan harta dengan cara pewarisan menjadi menarik untuk dianalisa karna memiliki perbedaan dengan cara lain dalam memperoleh kepemilikan harta. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui penelitian pustaka (library research). Setelah konsep dan filosofi dari kepemilikan harta melalui pewarisan dalam Islam dipelajari dan difahami, data kemudian dianalisa secara komprehensif untuk menemukan karakteristik dan distingsi yang dimiliki oleh hukum waris Islam. Penelitian ini menemukan karakteristik atau prinsip penting dalam kepemilikan harta melalui pewarisan dalam Islam adalah prinsip ijbari, yakni kepemilikan harta dengan cara pewarisan tidak bisa ditentukan oleh manusia. Kemudian, dalam hukum waris Islam juga terdapat asas lain, yakni bilateral dan keadilan berimbang. Asas-asas tersebut menjadikan hukum waris ini berbeda dengan hukum waris lain secara khusus dan kepemilikan harta dengan cara lain.


Keywords


ijbari; kepemilikan; hukum waris Islam

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v22i1.7603

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