Biologi, infestasi dan musih alami Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) pada pertanaman jagung di Kabupaten Banggai

Authors

  • Ivonela Karolina Yahya Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tompotika Luwuk, Indonesia
  • Ambo Abd Kadir Pakanyamong Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tompotika Luwuk, Indonesia
  • Desi Wahyuniarsih Program Studi Agrokoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tadulako, Indonesia
  • Mutmainah Mutmainah Program Studi Agrokoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tadulako, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1836-5750
  • Dicky Wahyudi Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Pangan, Politik Dewantara, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/39573

Keywords:

Biology, corn, infestation, natural enemies, S. frugiperda

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda has a high potential to cause crop failure in corn plantations. However, information on this pest attack is still very limited in Central Sulawesi and there have been no reports of this pest attack in Banggai Regency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biology, infestation and natural enemies of S. frugiperda in Banggai Regency. This study was conducted in corn plantations owned by the community in Boras village, Sepe village and Dolom village. Observation of the biology of S. frugiperda was done by calculating the time needed at each stage. Observation of infestation was done by observing sample plants that were attacked and observing natural enemies in the form of parasitoids by taking samples of eggs and larvae then observing the parasitoids that appeared, in observing predators by using pitfall traps to trap insects on the ground which were then identified and in observing entomopathogenic fungi by taking samples of infected S. frugiperda larvae in the field and then identifying them. The results showed that the life cycle of S. frugiperda lasts approximately 45 days. The infestation of S. frugiperda is considered very high with an average infestation in the last observation in Boras Village of 84%, Sepe Village of 76% and Dolom Village of 88%. 5 types of natural enemies were found, namely 1 type of egg parasitoid (Telenomus sp.), 1 type of larval parasitoid (Megaselia sp.), 2 types of predators (Lycosa sp. and Forficula sp.), and 1 type of entomopathogenic fungus (Metarhizium sp.). ABSTRAK Spodoptera frugiperda sangat berpotensi menimbulkan gagal panen pada pertanaman jagung. Akan tetapi, informasi mengenai serangan hama ini masih sangat sedikit di Sulawesi Tengah dan belum ada laporan mengenai serangan hama tersebut di Kabupaten Banggai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis biologi, infestasi dan musuh alami S. frugiperda di Kabupaten Banggai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan pertanaman jagung milik masyarakat di Desa Boras, Desa Sepe dan Desa Dolom. Pengamatan biologi S. frugiperda yaitu dengan menghitung waktu yang dibutuhkan pada setiap stadianya. Pengamatan infestasi dilakukan dengan cara mengamati tanaman sampel yang terserang dan pengamatan musuh alami berupa parasitoid yaitu dengan mengambil sampel telur dan larva kemudian diamati parasitoid yang muncul, pada pengamatan predator yaitu dengan menggunakan pitfall-trap untuk memerangkap serangga permukaan tanah yang kemudian diidentifikasi dan pada pengamatan cendawan entomopatogen yaitu dengan mengambil sampel larva S. frugiperda yang terinfeksi di lapangan kemudian diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siklus hidup S. frugiperda berlangsung kurang lebih selama 45 hari. Infestasi S. frugiperda tegolong sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata infestasinya pada pengamatan terakhir yaitu di Desa Boras sebesar 84%, Desa Sepe sebesar 76% dan Desa Dolom sebesa 88%. Ditemukan 5 jenis musuh alami yaitu 1 jenis parasitoid telur (Telenomus sp.), 1 jenis parasitoid larva (Megaselia sp.), 2 jenis predator (Lycosa sp. dan Forficula sp.), dan 1 jenis cendawan entomopatogen (Metarhizium sp.).

References

Agustinawati, Toana, MH, W. A. (2016). Keanekaragaman Arthropoda Permukaan Tanah Pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum L.) Dengan Sistem Pertanaman Yang Berbeda Di Kabupaten Sigi. E-Jurnal Agrotekbis, 4(1), 8–15. https://www.neliti.com/publications/245250/keanekaragaman-arthropoda permukaan-tanah-pada-tanaman-cabai-capsicum-annum-l-de

Amiruddin, M., Nuranisa, N., Jeki, J., Adam, R. P., & Dwiyanto, D. (2023). Keanekaragaman dan Komposisi Serangga pada Tanaman Jagung di Tojo Una-Una, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 28(3), 472–481. https://doi.org/10.18343/JIPI.28.3.472.

Arfan, If’all, Jumardin, H Noer, Sumarni. (2020). Populasi dan Tingkat Serangan Spodoptera frugiperda pada Tanaman Jagung di Desa Tulo Kabupaten Sigi. Agrotech.Jurnalpertanianunisapalu, 10(2), 66–68. http://agrotech.jurnalpertanianunisapalu.com/index.php/agrotech/article/view/54

Bateman, M. L., Day, R. K., Luke, B., Edgington, S., Kuhlmann, U., Matthew, Cock, J. W. (2018). Assessment of potential biopesticide options for managing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa. Journal Applied Entomology, 142(9), 805–819. https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12565

Baudron, F., Zaman-Allah, M. A., Chaipa, I., Chari, N., & Chinwada, P. (2019). Understanding the factors influencing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) damage in African smallholder maize fields and quantifying its impact on yield. A case study in Eastern Zimbabwe. Crop Protection, 120, 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CROPRO.2019.01.028

CABI, & FAO. (2019). Community-Based Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Monitoring, Early Warning and Management Traing of Trainers Manual. Training of Trainers Manual First Edition. US AID from the American People. FAO, Rome.

Day, R., Abrahams, P., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Clottey, V., Cock, M., Colmenarez, Y., Corniani, N., Early, R., Godwin, J., Gomez, J., Moreno, P. G., Murphy, S. T., Oppong-Mensah, B., Phiri, N., Pratt, C., Silvestri, S., & Witt, A. (2017). Fall armyworm: Impacts and implications for Africa. Outlooks on Pest Management, 28(5), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1564/V28_OCT_02

Deshmukh, S., Kiran, S., Naskar, A., Pradeep, P., Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., & Sharath K. N. (2021). First record of a parasitoid, Megaselia (M) scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 31(1) 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021 00439-w

Fadel, M., & Anshary, A. (2023). Biologi Ulat Grayak Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Pada Tanaman Jagung. e-J. Agrotekbis, 11 (1) : 155 – 164. http://jurnal.faperta.untad.ac.id/index.php/agrotekbis/article/view/1611

Harrison, R., Thierfelder, C., Baudron, F., Chinwada, P., Midega C., Schaffner, U., & Berg, J.VD. (2019). Agro-ecological options for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith) management: Providing low-cost, smallholder friendly solutions to an invasive. Elsevier Journal of Environmental Management, 243, 318–330. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479719306097

Hartina, S., & Toana, M. H. (2023). Kepadatan Populasi Dan Intesitas Serangan Spodoptera frugiperda J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) pada pertanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) di desa Labuan Panimba Kabupaten Donggala. e-J. Agrotekbis. 11(3), 616–622. http://jurnal.faperta.untad.ac.id/ind .php/agrotekbis/article/view/1733

Haryadi, N. T., Muhlison, W., Muhammad, D., Dirrar, B., Ashar, A., Kalimantan, J., 37, N., Kampus, T., & Boto, J. (2022). Efektifitas penanaman refugia terhadap populasi dan intensitas serangan hama kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci) pada pertanaman cabai merah besar (Capsicum annum L.) Jurnal Bioindustri (Journal Of Bioindustry), 4(2), 135-148.

https://trilogi.ac.id/journal/ks./index.php/jbi/article/view/761

Hutagalung, R. P. S., Sitepu, S. F., & Marheni. (2021). Biologi Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) di laboratorium. Jurnal Online Pertanian Tropik, 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.32734/JOPT.V8I1.5584

Hutasoit, R. T., Kalqutny, S. H., & Widiarta, I. N. (2020). Spatial distribution pattern, bionomic, and demographic parameters of a new invasive species of armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera; noctuidae) in maize of south sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(8), 3576–3582. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D210821

Ibrahim, E., Firmansyah, Mansur, & Prayogo, Y. (2022). Eksplorasi Dan Identifikasi Morfologi Cendawan Entomopatogen Isolat Lokal Sulawesi Selatan Sebagai Calon Biopestisida Potensial. Buletin Palawija, 20(2), 59–70. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Firmansyah-Firmansyah-4/publication/369067404_Eksplorasi_dan_Identifikasi_Morfologi_Cendawan_Entomopatogen_Isolat_Lokal_Sulawesi_Selatan_sebagai_Calon_Biopestisida_Potensial/links/64085f64b1704f343fb47438/Eksplorasi

Indiati, S. W., & Marwoto, M. (2017). Penerapan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) Pada Tanaman Kedelai. Buletin Palawija, 15(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.21082/BULPA.V15N2.2017.P87-100

Jannah, M., Supeno, B., & Windarningsih, M. (2021). Keragaman predator ulat gerayak jagung (Spodoptera frugiperda) selama pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (Zea mays L) Di Desa Ireng Lombok Barat. Seminar Nasional Dalam Rangka Dies Natalis Ke-45 UNS Tahun 2021, 5(1), 1134–1152.

https://www.neliti.com/publications/365485/keragaman-predator-ulat-gerayak-jagung-spodoptera-frugiperda-selama-pertumbuhan

Januarisya MA, M., Tri Rahardjo, B., & Syamsulhadi, M. (2023). Keanekaragaman Hama Dan Musuh Alami Pada Budidaya Cabai Rawit Monokultur Dan Polikultur Dengan Memanfaatkan Tanaman Perangkap Baby Blue dan Yellow Sticky Trap. Jurnal HPT, 11(4), 2580–6459. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jurnalhpt.2023.011.4.4

Karundeng, A., Mamahit, J.M.E., & Kandowangko, D.S. (2024). Predators And Parasitoids Species Of Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith On Corn Plant In North Minahasa Regency. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan, 5(1) 6-12. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/samrat-agrotek/article/view/46261

Kenis, M., Benelli, G., Biondi, A., P. C.-E., & 2023, U. (2022). Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Orbi.Uliege.Be. https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/314046

Kumela, T., Simiyu, J., Sisay, B., Likhayo, P., Mendesil, E., Gohole, L., & Tefera, T. (2019). Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions, and management practices of the new invasive pest, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Ethiopia and Kenya. International Journal of Pest Management, 65(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2017.1423129

Maharani, Y., Dewi, V.K., Puspasari, L.T., Rizkie, L., Hidayat, Y., & Dono, D. (2019). Cases of Fall Army Worm Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Attack on Maize in Bandung, Garut and Sumedang District, West Java. Jurnal Cropsaver, 2(1), 38–46. https://www.academia.edu/download/104279108/11327.pdf

Megasari, D., & Khoiri, S. (2021). Tingkat Serangan Ulat Grayak Tentara Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Pertanaman Jagung di Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Jurnal Argoekoteknologi, 47(4), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v14i1.9492

Montezano, D. G., Specht, A., Sosa-Gómez, D. R., Roque-Specht, V. F., Sousa-Silva, J. C., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Peterson, J. A., & Hunt, T. E. (2018). Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology, 26(2), 286–300. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.026.0286

Montezano, G., D., Cerrados D.R., Sosa-Gómez, D., Roque-Specht, V. F., Roque-Specht, E., Goulart, D., Ricardo, D., Ferreira, V., Paula-Moraes, de, Vieira, S., (2019). Developmental Parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages Under Controlled and Standardized Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11(8), 76. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n8p7.

Nelly, N., Hamid, H., Lina, E. C., & Yunisman. (2021). Distribution and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E.Smith (noctuidae: Lepidoptera) on maize in west sumatra, indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(5), 2504–2511. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D220507

Nonci, N., Kalgutny, Hary, S., Mirsam, H., Muis, A., Azrai, M., & Aqil, M. (2019). Pengenalan Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) Hama Baru Pada Tanaman Jagung Di Indonesia. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia (Vol. 73)

Oktaviani, Maryana, N., & Pudjianto. (2022). Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Biology and Life Table on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 950(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/17551315/950/1/012024

Rongkok, H. T. & Pasaru, F., (2021). Identifikasi Parasitoid Pada Larva Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Dan Tingkat Parasitasinya Pada Pertanaman Jagung Milik Petani Di Kabupaten. J. Agrotekbis, 9(4), 972–978. http://jurnal.faperta.untad.ac.id/index.php/agrotekbis/article/view/1045

Russianzi, W., Anwar, R., & Triwidodo, H. (2021). Biostatistics Of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda In Maize Plants In Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(6), 3463–3469. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D220655

Sari, A., Buchori, D., Tropika, I. N.-P., & 2020, U. (2020). The potential of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelinoidae) as Biocontrol Agent For The New Fall Armyworm S. frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in. Planta Tropika: Jurnal Agrosains (Journal of Agro Science), 8(2); 69-74

Satyani, T., Arfan, A., & Sayani, S. (2019). Evaluasi Penggunaan Pestisida Pada Petani Bawang Merah Di Desa Wombo Mpanau Kecamatan Tanantovea Kabupaten Donggala. Jurnal Agrotech, 9(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.31970/AGROTECH.V9I1.30

Sharanabasappa, Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Asokan, R., Swamv, H.M.M., Marutid, M. S., Pavithra, H. B., Hegde, K., Navi, S., Prabhu, S.T., & Goergen, G. (2018). First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. Pest Managament in Horticultural Ecosystems, 24(1), 23–29. https://pmhe.in/index.php/pmhe/article/view/427

Silva, D.M.D, Bueno, .D.F., Andrade, K., Stecca, K.D.S., Neves, P.M.O.J., & Oliveira, M.C.M.D. (2017). Biology and nutrition of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on different food sources. Scientia Agricola, 4(1); 18-31. https://www.scielo.br/j/sa/a/SLwN4VQh8Vmtb8mK9qrSRDR/?format=html&lang=en

Sunari, A. A. A. A. S., Supartha, I. W., Susila, I. W., Utama, I. W. E. K., Yasa, I. W. S., & Yudha, I. K. W. (2023). Feeding trial, biological, and demographic parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several Graminae species (laboratory trial scale). Biodiversitas, 24(6), 3325–3331. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D240627

Tambo, J. A., Kansiime, M. K., Mugambi, I., Rwomushana, I., Kenis, M., Day, R. K., & Lamontagne-Godwin, J. (2020). Understanding smallholders’ responses to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) invasion: Evidence from five African countries. Science of the Total Environment, 740. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.140015

Tendeng, E., Labou, B., Diatte, Mamadou, D., Salio, D., Karamoko, D., (2019). The Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), a New Pest of Maize in Africa: Biology And First Native Natural Enemies Detected. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 13(2). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/189367

Tianmeng, L., Jianming, W, Xiaokang, X., & Jianmeng, F. (2020). Land-Use Change Drives Present And Future Distributions Of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Science of the Total Environment. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971935867X

Togola, A., Meseka, S., Menkir, A., Badu-Apraku, B., Boukar, O., Tamò, M., & Djouaka, R. (2018). Measurement of Pesticide Residues from Chemical Control of the Invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a Maize Experimental Field in Mokwa Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health,15(849); 1-11 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050849

Waliyudin, M., Rochman, N., & Fanani, M. Z. (2023). Serangan Spodoptera Frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Dan Parasitoidnya Di Kabupaten/Kota Bogor, Indonesia: Attack of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Parasitoid in Parts Of Bogor, Indonesia. Jurnal Agronida, 9, 93–102. https://ojs.unida.ac.id/JAG/article/view/10171

Downloads

Published

2025-01-03

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Original Research Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
  • Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
  • The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.

Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.