Respon morfologi dan parameter genetik karakter biomassa sorgum lokal Indonesia induksi radiasi sinar gamma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/j.agro.49631Keywords:
Biomassa , Iradiasi gamma, Keragaman genetik, Seleksi, Sorgum LokalAbstract
Pengembangan program diversifikasi diperlukan untuk menjawab permasalahan pangan dan bioenergi di Indonesia. Tanaman sorgum lokal dapat menjadi alternatif komoditas strategis untuk menjawab tantangan ini, dengan mengkaji kajian keragaman genetik dan potensinya. Pemuliaan mutasi dengan irradiasi sinar gamma dapat meningkatkan keragaman tanaman sorgum yang diarahkan untuk seleksi kandidat unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon morfologi dan parameter genetik karakter biomassa sorgum lokal Indonesia yang diinduksi melalui iradiasi gamma. Tujuh varietas sorgum Indonesia diiradiasi dengan sinar gamma (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500 Gy) dan ditanam pada kondisi lingkungan suhu berkisar 23-28 oC, curah hujan 3316 mm per tahun, dan pH tanah 5,8. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan keragaman genetik varietas lokal sorgum yang diindikasikan dengan interaksi antara varietas dan dosis sinar gamma yang signifikan (p-value < 0.001) pada beberapa karakter pengamatan. Karakter biomassa memiliki korelasi positif dengan tinggi tanaman (r=0.92) dan karakter lain seperti diameter batang, karakter daun, dan brix. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan brix memiliki heritabilitas >0,87 dan kemajuan genetik persentase rata-rata yang tinggi (GAM) >27,83) sehingga karakter ini dijadikan karakter seleksi untuk biomassa sorgum. Ada 10 genotipe sorgum yang diseleksi berdasarkan indeks seleksi yang mengarah ke biomassa sorgum, yaitu S1R2, S1R1, S7R2, S6R0, S6R4, S6R5, S6R2, S2R0, S4R3, dan S1R0. Genotipe ini dapat digunakan sebagai materi genetik untuk program pemuliaan sorgum sebagai bioenergi masa depan di Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
The development of diversification programs is necessary to address food and bioenergy issues in Indonesia. Local sorghum can be used as strategic commodity alternative to address these challenges by examining genetic diversity and potential. Mutant breeding using gamma irradiation can increase the diversity of sorghum for the selection of superior candidates. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological response and genetic parameters of biomass characteristics of local Indonesian sorghum induced by gamma irradiation. Seven Indonesian sorghum varieties were irradiated with gamma rays (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy) and planted in environmental conditions with temperatures ranging from 23 to 28 °C, annual rainfall of 3316 mm, and soil pH of 5.8, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed an increase in the genetic diversity of local sorghum varieties, as indicated by a significant interaction between variety and gamma ray dose (p-value < 0.001) in several observed traits. Biomass traits had a significant positive correlation with plant height (r=0.92) and other traits such as stem diameter, leaf traits, and brix. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and brix had high heritability (>0.87) and genetic advance per mean (GAM, >27.83), making these traits suitable for selection for sorghum biomass. There are 10 sorghum genotypes selected based on selection indices that lead to sorghum biomass, namely S1R2, S6R0, S1R1, S7R2, S6R4, S6R5, S6R2, S2R0, S4R3, and S7R1. These genotypes can be used as genetic material for sorghum breeding programs for future bioenergy in Indonesia.
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