Daya hasil dan indeks panen ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) berdaging putih di Rancakalong, Sumedang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/j.agro.37938Keywords:
Harvest Index, Superior Genotype, Sweet Potato, Yield, Yield PotentialAbstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a nutritionally rich alternative food source with a high starch content and ranks among the world's most important food crops. As a global food commodity, the development of high-yielding cultivars requires the evaluation of promising genotypes. Among the various types, white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) is particularly valued due to its suitability as a raw material for flour production. The increasing industrial demand for sweet potato-based flour highlights the urgency to select high-yielding WFSP genotypes to meet market needs. This study aimed to identify WFSP genotypes with superior yield potential and high harvest index. The experiment was conducted from November 2023 to April 2024 in Rancakalong, Sumedang District, West Java, using eight WFSP genotypes and three check varieties (Rancing, Sukuh, and AC Putih). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and 11 treatments was employed. Significant variation was observed among genotypes for traits such as number of tubers per plant, tuber weight per plant, number of marketable tubers, total tuber count, and total tuber weight. Six genotypes—Keriting Maja, MZ 154, Sorong, MBD, PR 119, and MNHR—demonstrated high yield performance, with Keriting Maja showing the highest potential at 35.09 t ha-1, making it a strong candidate for future cultivar development.
ABSTRAK
Ubi jalar merupakan sumber pangan alternatif yang unggul karena kaya nutrisi dengan kandungan pati tinggi dan termasuk dalam tanaman pangan penting di dunia. Sebagai salah satu komoditas pangan dunia, perlu dikembangkan varietas unggul baru ubi jalar dengan menguji genotip-genotip potensial dan unggul. Salah satu jenis ubi jalar yang memiliki tingkat pemanfaatan yang tinggi adalah ubi jalar berdaging putih karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bahan baku produksi tepung. Permintaan industri untuk memproduksi tepung membutuhkan suplai ubi jalar berdaging putih dalam jumlah besar. Hal ini menjadi pemicu agar kegiatan seleksi genotip unggul ubi jalar berdaging putih berdaya hasil tinggi dilakukan guna memenuhi permintaan konsumen tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh ubi jalar berdaging putih dengan daya hasil tinggi dan indeks panen yang tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan di Rancakalong, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat dari bulan November 2023 sampai dengan April 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan delapan genotip ubi jalar dan tiga genotip pembanding (Rancing, Sukuh, dan AC Putih). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 11 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat beberapa karakter, yaitu karakter jumlah ubi per tanaman, bobot ubi per tanaman, jumlah ubi ekonomis, jumlah ubi total, dan bobot ubi total yang menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Terdapat enam genotip dengan daya hasil tinggi, yaitu genotip Keriting Maja, MZ 154, Sorong, MBD, PR 119, dan MNHR, dengan genotip Keriting Maja berpotensi hasil paling tinggi yakni 35,09 t ha-1, yang berpeluang untuk dikembangkan menjadi varietas unggul baru.
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