Trend perubahan cuaca ekstrem dan pengaruhnya terhadap tanaman kedelai di Kabupaten Majalengka Jawa Barat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/j.agro.40002Keywords:
Correlation, Extreme Weather, Production, Soybean, TrendAbstract
Recent climate change has led to an increase in extreme weather events which pose a threat to the agricultural sector, including soybean crops that has high nutritional value and is in demand by the public. However, the impact of extreme weather on soybean production remains to be scientifically validated. Therefore, research is needed to determine extreme weather events and their effects on soybean production in Majalengka Regency. The method used in this research was quantitative descriptive by carrying out trend analysis of extreme weather such as maximum rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures, wet spells, dry spells and maximum wind speed and Pearson correlation analysis of extreme weather and harvest area, productivity and production of soybean. The research was carried out using daily weather element data from 1990 to 2021 obtained from Indonesian Agency for Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics Jatiwangi Majalengka Regency. The data regarding the harvest area, productivity, and production of soybeans were obtained from the Agriculture Service and the Central Bureau of Statistics Majalengka Regency. The research results show that extreme weather in Majalengka Regency has changed with indications of an increase in minimum temperature of 0.6 ⁰C, maximum temperature of 0.12 ⁰C, wet spell for 3 days, dry spell for 1-day, maximum wind speed of 17.6 km/hour, and a decrease in maximum rainfall of 43.7 mm. However, besides the increase in minimum temperature, these extreme weather changes did not affect the decrease in soybean production, productivity, and harvest area, while maximum temperature and wet spell significantly affected the increase in soybean productivity.
ABSTRAK
Perubahan iklim menyebabkan meningkatnya fenomena cuaca ekstrem yang menjadi ancaman bagi sektor pertanian termasuk pada tanaman kedelai yang memiliki nilai gizi tinggi dan dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. Namun, pengaruh cuaca ekstrem terhadap produksi tanaman kedelai masih perlu dibuktikan secara ilmiah. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kejadian cuaca ekstrem terhadap produksi kedelai di Kabupaten Majalengka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melakukan analisis trend cuaca ekstrem seperti curah hujan maksimum, suhu maksimum dan minimum, wet spell, dry spell, kecepatan angin maksimum, analisis korelasi Pearson antara cuaca ekstrem dengan luas panen, serta produktivitas dan produksi kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan data unsur cuaca harian dari tahun 1990 hingga 2021 diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika Jatiwangi Majalengka. Data luas panen, produktivitas dan produksi tanaman kedelai didapatkan dari Dinas Pertanian dan Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Majalengka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya indikasi cuaca ekstrem di Kabupaten Majalengka, yang ditandai dengan peningkatan suhu miminum sebesar 0,6 ⁰C, suhu maksimum sebesar 0,12 ⁰C, wet spell selama 3 hari, dry spell selama 1 hari, kecepatan angin maksimum mencapai 17,6 km jam-1, dan penurunan curah hujan maksimum sebesar 43,7 mm. Namun demikian, selain peningkatan suhu minimum, perubahan cuaca ekstrem tersebut tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan produksi, produktivitas, dan luas panen kedelai, sedangkan suhu maksimum dan wet spell berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan produktivitas tanaman kedelai.
Kata kunci: Cuaca Ekstrem, Kedelai, Korelasi, Produksi, Tren
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