Navigating Regulatory Uncertainty in the Legal Protection of Justice Collaborators in Corruption Cases as an Extraordinary Crime in Indonesia

Authors

  • Nur Anjani CIC Lembaga Riset dan Konsultan Sosial, Indonesia
  • Salwa Prameswari Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/vh.v8i1.29135

Keywords:

Justice Collaborator, Corruption, LPSK, KUHAP Revision

Abstract

Justice Collaborators (JC) play a vital role in exposing corruption as an extraordinary crime. However, JCs in Indonesia still face various normative and practical constraints regarding legal guarantees and procedural certainty. This study aims to analyse JCs' legal protections and obligations in corruption cases and identify weaknesses in the current regulatory framework. Using a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, this study examines Law No. 31 of 2014 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) No. 04 of 2011. The findings show that Indonesian positive law provides four forms of protection for JC: physical/psychological protection, special treatment, legal-status protection, and rewards. Nevertheless, a critical ambiguity lies in Article 10 of Law No. 31 of 2014, which defers legal proceedings rather than granting full immunity, and in the non-binding nature of LPSK recommendations for judges. Furthermore, JCs carry specific duties, including confessing their involvement, remaining cooperative, providing truthful testimony, and maintaining confidentiality. This paper recommends explicitly integrating justice collaborator norms, criteria, and procedural safeguards into the revision of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) to establish binding legal certainty across all law enforcement agencies.

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Published

2026-10-21

How to Cite

Anjani, N., & Prameswari, S. (2026). Navigating Regulatory Uncertainty in the Legal Protection of Justice Collaborators in Corruption Cases as an Extraordinary Crime in Indonesia. VARIA HUKUM, 8(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.15575/vh.v8i1.29135

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Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): VARIA HUKUM: Jurnal Forum Studi Hukum dan Kemasyarakatan

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