Pendugaan parameter genetik karakter akar beberapa genotype kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril)


Deviona Deviona(1), Eva Nurjanah(2*), Elza Zuhry(3), Armaini Armaini(4), Suhartina Suhartina(5)

(1) Universitas Riau, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Riau, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Riau, Indonesia
(4) Balitkabi, Indonesia
(5) ,  
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Akar menjadi salah satu faktor yang menentukan pertumbuhan, perkembangan, serta hasil tanaman kedelai. Hal ini disebabkan akar menjadi organ pertama yang merespon kondisi media tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas dan nilai heritabilitas karakter akar beberapa genotipe kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan wadah dari kaca (rhizobox) di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Riau. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dengan perlakuan berupa 20 genotipe kedelai yang diulang 3 kali. Benih yang digunakan berasal dari Balitkabi. Karakter yang diamati yaitu: panjang plumula, panjang akar primer, panjang akar sekunder, jangkauan akar sekunder, kedalaman akar sekunder, dan jumlah akar yang panjang >1 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat keragaman genetik yang sangat tinggi pada karakter panjang plumula, panjang akar sekunder, jangkauan akar dan jumlah akar yang panjang >1 cm. Karakter kedalaman akar sekunder memiliki keragaman genetik luas, sedangkan panjang akar primer memiliki keragaman genetik rendah. Nilai heritabilitas seluruh karakter tinggi kecuali kedalaman akar sekunder yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas sedang dan panjang akar primer yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas rendah.

 

Root is one of the important factors that determine the growth, development, and yield of soybean plants. Root is the first organ to respond to growing media conditions. This study aimed to determine variability and heritability values of root characters of several soybean genotypes. The research was conducted using a glass container (rhizobox) at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. The study was an experimental research in a completely randomized design, with the treatment consisted of 20 genotypes repeated 3 times. The seeds used originated from Balitkabi. The characters observed were: plumule length, primary root length, secondary root length, secondary root reach, secondary root depth, and number of long roots >1 cm. The results showed that there was very wide variability in the character of the plumule length, secondary root length, secondary root range, and number of root range >1 cm. The secondary root depth character had wide genetic variability, while the primary root length had narrow genetic variability. The heritability values for all characters were high except for secondary root depth which had medium heritability and the primary root length had low heritability.


Keywords


Akar, Heritabilitas, Kedelai, Variabilitas

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