Determinants of Adopting Takāful: A Literature Review of Empirical Studies Applying Structural Equation Modeling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jieb.v6i2.54564Keywords:
Islamic finance, Islamic insurance (takāful), Islamic law (Shariah), Mutual assistance (Ta’awun), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)Abstract
Introduction/Main Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to review the literature on the factors influencing the adoption of takāful among citizens and owners of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises. Only studies that conducted empirical research using structural equation modeling (SEM) were included. Background Problems: Since SEM is the most commonly used method and the number of similar studies is increasing, it was crucial to understand research trends and enhance the efficiency of future studies by avoiding similar studies. Novelty: To the best of the author's knowledge, this study reviews empirical studies that analyzed the determinants of takāful adoption using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and guides future similar research. The application of SEM is rather new in this field, and most past review papers only partially addressed it. Research Methods: The potential studies were collected from big databases, including the Emerald Publishing website, and Google Scholar from 2023 to 2025. The cited literature was also checked. Finding/Results: A total of 56 previous studies from 14 countries between 2013 and 2024 were found. The most commonly used theory was the Theory of Planned Behavior, and the most frequently used variables were attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, awareness, and religiosity. Most previous studies focused on specific regions or groups rather than the entire country. Conclusion: The results of this review suggested that factors associated with takāful adoption may differ substantially across regions and population groups, supporting the validity of studies focusing on specific contexts and relatively small populations. The review also found that sample sizes have generally increased over time, with more than 300 respondents becoming common in recent studies. While no clear dominance was observed between CB-SEM and PLS-SEM, the use of PLS-SEM appears to have increased in recent years.
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