Main Article Content
Abstract
Effective listening is essential for meaningful communication in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. However, traditional listening pedagogies often prioritize comprehension testing and task completion over collaborative meaning-making, ethical participation, and sustainable communication. Despite recent innovations in ecological language learning, digital pedagogy, and artificial intelligence that have revolutionized language education, scholarship remains fragmented. There is limited integration of ecological learning, sociocultural mediation, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and the Islamic educational philosophy of ta’dib, highlighting a critical gap and an opportunity for a more holistic approach. This study develops an integrated conceptual framework that explains how ecological listening cultivates sustainable communication in Islamic English-language education. Employing a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review, the study systematically synthesized peer-reviewed literature on listening pedagogy, Ecological Language Learning, Sociocultural Theory, digital language education, ESD, and ta’dib. Moreover, the thematic synthesis identified five interrelated dimensions of ecological listening: ecological affordances, sociocultural mediation, digital ecological affordances, sustainable communication, and ethical participation grounded in adab. The findings demonstrate that ecological listening develops through the dynamic interaction of contextual affordances, dialogue, collaboration, learner agency, digital participation, reflection, and ethical engagement; notably, this process is not through receptive language processing alone. Based on these findings, the study proposes the Integrated Ecological Listening Framework (IELF), which reconceptualizes listening as an ecological, socially mediated, ethically grounded, and sustainability-oriented educational process. Consequently, the framework advances ecological language learning theory by integrating contemporary educational theories with Islamic educational philosophy. Additionally, it provides a solid theoretical foundation for designing digitally enriched English language education that, in turn, cultivates communicative competence, adab, responsible participation, and sustainable learning communities.
Keywords
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References
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- Rababah, L., Al-Khawaldeh, N., & Rababah, M. A. (2023). Mobile-Assisted Listening Instructions with Jordanian Audio Materials: A Pathway to EFL Proficiency. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 17(21), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i21.42789
- Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
- Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, Article 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
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- van Lier, L. (2000). From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 245–259). Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press.
- van Lier, L. (2004). The ecology and semiotics of language learning: A sociocultural perspective. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
- Wang, C., & Han, Y. (2024). Book review on Smart CALL: personalization, contextualization, & socialization. Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2024-0013
- Wang, S., & Dai, Y. (2025). Using lag sequential analysis to explore multimodal teacher-student interaction in EFL classrooms. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-025-00344-x
- Wei, L. (2023). Artificial intelligence in language instruction: impact on English learning achievement, L2 motivation, and self-regulated learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1261955
- Xiao, F., Zhao, P., Sha, H., Dandan, Y., & Warschauer, M. (2023). Conversational agents in language learning. Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 4(2), 300–325. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2022-0032
- Xiao, Y. (2025). The impact of AI-driven speech recognition on EFL listening comprehension, flow experience, and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04672-8
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- Yaseen, M. G., & Alnakeeb, S. S. (2023). Exploring the Evolution of AI Integration in English as a Foreign Language Education: A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis (1997-2023). Mesopotamian Journal of Computer Science, 149–164. https://doi.org/10.58496/mjcsc/2023/019
- Yıldız, T. A. (2025). Sustainability Education in L2 Writing: AI-Based Multimodal Awareness and Engagement. Sustainability, 17(21), 9376–9376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219376
- Zhang, S., & Liu, X. (2025). Learner emotions in AI-assisted English as a second/foreign language learning: a systematic review of empirical studies [Review of Learner emotions in AI-assisted English as a second/foreign language learning: a systematic review of empirical studies]. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1652806
- Zhao, J., & Lee, C. I. (2022). Teaching EFLLs Listening Subskills With a Speaking-Listening Model in a Computer-Mediated Communication Setting. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.836013
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References
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1979). Aims and objectives of Islamic education. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1991). The concept of education in Islam: A framework for an Islamic philosophy of education. Kuala lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC).
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Chaves-Yuste, B., & de-la Peña, C. (2023). Podcasts’ effects on the EFL classroom: a socially relevant intervention. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00241-1
Ding, D., & Yusof, A. M. (2025). Investigating the role of AI-powered conversation bots in enhancing L2 speaking skills and reducing speaking anxiety: a mixed methods study. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05550-z
Guan, L., Zhang, Y., & Gu, M. (2024). Examining generative AI–mediated informal digital learning of English practices with social cognitive theory: a mixed-methods study. ReCALL, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344024000259
Huang, L., & Liu, M. (2025). The impact of technology on foreign language anxiety: A systematic review of empirical studies from 2004 to 2024 [Review of The impact of technology on foreign language anxiety: A systematic review of empirical studies from 2004 to 2024]. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05921-6
Jantakoon, T., Jantakun, T., Jantakun, K., Pongpanich, W., Pasmala, R., Wannapiroon, P., & Nilsook, P. (2025). The effectiveness of artificial intelligence in English instruction for speaking and listening skills: A meta-analysis. Contemporary Educational Technology, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/17310
Jiang, R. (2022). How does artificial intelligence empower EFL teaching and learning nowadays? A review on artificial intelligence in the EFL context [Review of How does artificial intelligence empower EFL teaching and learning nowadays? A review on artificial intelligence in the EFL context]. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1049401
Kartal, G., & Yeşilyurt, Y. E. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence in L2 teaching and applied linguistics between 1995 and 2022. ReCALL, 36(3), 359–375. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344024000077
Lantolf, J. P., & Thorne, S. L. (2006). Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language development. Oxford University Press.
Liu, J., Sihes, A. J., & Ye, L. (2025). How do generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools and large language models (LLMs) influence language learners’ critical thinking in EFL education? A systematic review. Smart Learning Environments, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00406-0
Liu, Y., & Li, Y. (2025). AI−driven listening systems in language acquisition redefining auditory cognition in the intelligent era. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00748-1
Lu, X., Yang, Q., Wei, J., & Heffernan, N. T. (2025). From belief to evidence: simpler immediate feedback improves language learning and confidence in semi-open-ended questions. Frontiers in Education, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1654809
Min, H., Abbasi, B. N., & Jinhua, H. (2025). AI-driven language learning in higher education: an empirical study on self-reflection, creativity, anxiety, and emotional resilience in EFL learners. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05817-5
Mohammed, S. J., & Khalid, M. W. (2025). Under the world of AI-generated feedback on writing: mirroring motivation, foreign language peace of mind, trait emotional intelligence, and writing development. Language Testing in Asia, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-025-00343-2
Nguyen, H. A. (2024). Harnessing AI-Based Tools for Enhancing English Speaking Proficiency: Impacts, Challenges, and Long-Term Engagement. International Journal of AI in Language Education, 1(2), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijaile.24122
Oraif, I., & Alrashed, M. (2025). Using Podcasts to Educate EFL University Students About Sustainability: An Action Research Study in Saudi Arabia. Education Sciences, 15(2), 120–120. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020120
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Qiao, H., & Zhao, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence-based language learning: illuminating the impact on speaking skills and self-regulation in Chinese EFL context. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1255594
Rababah, L., Al-Khawaldeh, N., & Rababah, M. A. (2023). Mobile-Assisted Listening Instructions with Jordanian Audio Materials: A Pathway to EFL Proficiency. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 17(21), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i21.42789
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, Article 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
UNESCO. (2020). Education for Sustainable Development: A roadmap. UNESCO.
UNESCO. (2023). Education for Sustainable Development for 2030: Progress and outlook. UNESCO.
van Lier, L. (2000). From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 245–259). Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press.
van Lier, L. (2004). The ecology and semiotics of language learning: A sociocultural perspective. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Wang, C., & Han, Y. (2024). Book review on Smart CALL: personalization, contextualization, & socialization. Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2024-0013
Wang, S., & Dai, Y. (2025). Using lag sequential analysis to explore multimodal teacher-student interaction in EFL classrooms. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-025-00344-x
Wei, L. (2023). Artificial intelligence in language instruction: impact on English learning achievement, L2 motivation, and self-regulated learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1261955
Xiao, F., Zhao, P., Sha, H., Dandan, Y., & Warschauer, M. (2023). Conversational agents in language learning. Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 4(2), 300–325. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2022-0032
Xiao, Y. (2025). The impact of AI-driven speech recognition on EFL listening comprehension, flow experience, and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04672-8
Xun, H., Zhou, C., Li, Y., & Wu, Y. (2025). AI-supported English public speaking in the Chinese EFL context: Insights from self-regulated learning and positive psychology. Learning and Motivation, 92, 102211–102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2025.102211
Yaseen, M. G., & Alnakeeb, S. S. (2023). Exploring the Evolution of AI Integration in English as a Foreign Language Education: A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis (1997-2023). Mesopotamian Journal of Computer Science, 149–164. https://doi.org/10.58496/mjcsc/2023/019
Yıldız, T. A. (2025). Sustainability Education in L2 Writing: AI-Based Multimodal Awareness and Engagement. Sustainability, 17(21), 9376–9376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219376
Zhang, S., & Liu, X. (2025). Learner emotions in AI-assisted English as a second/foreign language learning: a systematic review of empirical studies [Review of Learner emotions in AI-assisted English as a second/foreign language learning: a systematic review of empirical studies]. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1652806
Zhao, J., & Lee, C. I. (2022). Teaching EFLLs Listening Subskills With a Speaking-Listening Model in a Computer-Mediated Communication Setting. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.836013
Zhou, Q., Hashim, H., & Sulaiman, N. A. (2025). Integrating AI chatbots in informal digital English learning: impacts on listening competencies in Chinese higher education. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13811-2