Conflict of Interest

ISEMA: Islamic Educational Management requires all authors, peer reviewers, and editors to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could inappropriately influence (bias) their responsibilities in the publication process. A conflict of interest exists when professional judgment concerning a primary interest (such as the validity of research) may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal rivalry).

• Authors: Must declare any financial support, funding, or personal relationships that could be perceived as influencing the research findings or the interpretation of the data. If no conflict exists, authors must explicitly state: "The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper."

• Reviewers: Must decline the invitation to review a manuscript if they have a recent collaborative, financial, or institutional relationship with any of the authors, or if they are in direct competition with the submitted work.

• Editors: Must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts submitted by colleagues from their own institution, recent collaborators, or in cases where they have a personal or financial stake in the outcome.