Dari Kudeta ke Krisis: Kudeta Myanmar dan Dampaknya terhadap Keamanan Manusia dan Stabilitas Regional

Authors

  • Hana Novia Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh, Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/jispo.v15i1.48069

Keywords:

Kudeta Myanmar, keamanan manusia, ASEAN, sekuritisasi, stabilitas regional

Abstract

Kudeta militer di Myanmar pada tahun 2021 telah menimbulkan krisis politik dan kemanusiaan yang mendalam, yang tidak hanya berdampak pada situasi domestik tetapi juga mengancam stabilitas kawasan Asia Tenggara. Berlandaskan teori sekuritisasi dari Copenhagen School dan kerangka keamanan manusia dari United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), penelitian ini menganalisis dampak multidimensional kudeta, khususnya terhadap keamanan personal, politik, dan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana instabilitas internal Myanmar berimplikasi lintas batas serta menilai kapasitas kolektif ASEAN dalam merespons krisis tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data sekunder berupa laporan organisasi internasional, dokumen resmi ASEAN, dan kajian akademik. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa represi militer telah memicu pengungsian besar-besaran—lebih dari 440.000 orang sejak kudeta—serta runtuhnya layanan kesehatan yang semakin diperparah oleh pandemi COVID-19. Arus migrasi paksa ke negara-negara tetangga seperti Thailand, Malaysia, dan Indonesia menegaskan dimensi regional krisis ini, sekaligus mengungkap keterbatasan ASEAN yang masih terikat pada prinsip non-intervensi dan lemahnya mekanisme penegakan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa krisis Myanmar menegaskan urgensi reformulasi tata kelola keamanan kawasan yang lebih berorientasi pada hak asasi manusia dan perlindungan kemanusiaan. Kontribusi utama penelitian ini adalah menghadirkan perspektif keamanan manusia sebagai lensa sentral dalam studi keamanan kawasan yang selama ini didominasi pendekatan negara-sentris. Implikasi kebijakan yang ditawarkan mencakup pengaktifan mekanisme ASEAN Political-Security Community, penguatan perlindungan pengungsi, serta mendorong dialog regional yang inklusif untuk menjaga perdamaian dan stabilitas Asia Tenggara.

The 2021 military coup in Myanmar has generated profound political and humanitarian crises that extend beyond national borders and pose serious challenges to Southeast Asian regional stability. Rooted in the securitization theory of the Copenhagen School and the human security framework of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), this study examines the multidimensional impacts of the coup, particularly on personal, political, and health security. The research aims to analyse how Myanmar’s internal instability reverberates across the region and to assess ASEAN’s collective capacity to respond. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method, relying on secondary sources including reports from international organizations, official ASEAN documents, and scholarly analyses. The findings reveal that widespread military repression has resulted in large-scale displacement—over 440,000 people since the coup—while the collapse of health services, compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, has worsened civilian vulnerability. Forced migration flows to neighbouring countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia illustrate the regional dimension of the crisis, highlighting ASEAN’s limited effectiveness due to its adherence to non-intervention and weak enforcement mechanisms. The study concludes that Myanmar’s crisis underscores the need to reformulate regional security governance in ways that prioritize human rights and humanitarian protection. Its main contribution lies in advancing human security as a central lens within regional security studies, traditionally dominated by state-centred approaches. Policy implications include the activation of ASEAN Political-Security Community mechanisms, stronger refugee protection, and inclusive regional dialogue to safeguard peace and stability in Southeast Asia.

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Published

2025-06-21

How to Cite

Hana Novia. (2025). Dari Kudeta ke Krisis: Kudeta Myanmar dan Dampaknya terhadap Keamanan Manusia dan Stabilitas Regional. JISPO Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 15(1), 119–142. https://doi.org/10.15575/jispo.v15i1.48069

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